What Have Educators Learned About Distance Learning?

[anorlunda]

The NY Times has an article exploring the very diverse approaches considered by colleges and universities to reopening.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/19/us/college-fall-2020-coronavirus.html

This one is far out-of-the-box.

Team Wildcat suggested turning residence halls into protective cocoons for living and learning.
“We have students functioning in pods, almost like family units,” Dr. Cardarelli told her colleagues, describing the idea. “They’re spending most of their time in residence halls together with the same students.”
Professors would come to the dorms to teach, she said, or do it via videoconference. This would reduce circulation and transmission of the virus, and make it easier to do contact tracing, her group theorized.
The student pods would take turns going to the dining halls. And, Dr. Cardarelli added, “no more buffet.”

 

[Dr. Courtney]

The biggest challenge was the sudden shift without adequate time for planning.
Even now, professors in some schools are being told to prepare for four possibilities in Fall 2020:
1) Begin online, transition to in person
2) Begin in person, transition to online
3) Online all semester
4) In person all semester

With finite time, very few teachers can do as good a job with those four possibilities as they could with 2-3 months to prepare for a known delivery method.

If a school is going to force a transition to online, the more time teachers have to plan and prepare, the more effective the learning will be.

 

[ZapperZ]

The June 2020 issue of Physics Today has an article on the struggles and effort that various physics faculties and schools went through during this past school period.

https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4492

A few of the steps that were done were similar and familiar to my experience. The one thing that I was glad that I did was that my original classes all had "Pre-lectures", or what the article called the "flipped mode" (probably due to FlipIt Physics) where the students had to view videos or read something before they come to the first class of the week when a new topic will be covered. The pre-lectures were meant to introduce the concept of the topic, so that the students had some idea of what was to come.

When we went totally remote, I expanded that, because by then the pre-lectures became a major source of the material. So I was very glad that I had that structure in place already and the students were familiar with the pattern. That part of it went very well.

It's a good article because I always want to know what other instructors did, and what might be the best-practice method in doing something. This is more tangible than some esoteric philosophy of teaching that some talking heads spew in a TED talk.

Zz.

 

[bhobba]

The biggest challenge was the sudden shift without adequate time for planning.
Even now, professors in some schools are being told to prepare for four possibilities in Fall 2020:
1) Begin online, transition to in person
2) Begin in person, transition to online
3) Online all semester
4) In person all semester

I still like the idea of online lectures and say two one hour highly socially distanced tutorials with just a few students. For professors that are in an at risk group they will of course get a teaching assistant or other professor to lead the tutorials. It's similar to the UK model which has been in place for many years and seems to work quite effectively.

Thanks
Bill

 

[cosmicrayray]

My wife also taught middle school for nearly 30 years and although she retired last year she still keeps in touch with many of her teacher friends in Ithaca. She tells me that they are finding remote teaching for middle school and lower to be pretty much a disaster. Some kids do OK but most do not. The reasons are numerous but the main ones are lack of computer equipment / Internet and student's lack of home supervision and commitment/interest.

My spouse also taught middle school in Oregon for 30 years and is also in communication with current teachers. My son is a high school band teacher. I taught in a university setting-primarily freshman-level business (IT) and participated in the early designs of on-line courses at a large university that now has more than 15K on line students. The switch to any on line learning situation is highly individualized. It is extremely difficult for any student and their teachers to quickly switch learning and teaching modes. Given the discussion already posted I strongly believe that concentrating on testing performance as a methodology to gauge either student success or teacher effectiveness is not a reasonable or appropriate process to use.

In a schoolroom setting we get to control or at least interact with many of the variables of "place." The place environment is a foundation element in all learning. We know how and when learning happens when we get to manipulate the place variables-this in turn let's teachers emphasize content while responding to place realities. Of course, on-line learning completely removes "place" from the envelope of learning and teaching. In fact, teaching in on-line environments that do not involve analogs to the classroom environment such as a Zoom or Google Meets are little more than hopeful chances for learning. And those that do include on-line classroom meetings not much better. Humans learn better in the context of others. Expecting or measuring performance of either learning or teaching in on-line situations is completely the wrong thing to concentrate efforts. I don't have a near term solution other than restarting traditional schools and using 100% daily testing for virus infections to guide us regarding which room a student attends. I am quite concerned about the lost generation that could arise if we are not able to return to better learning environments. The on-line method is failing now and will continue to fail. In my son's rural school district, fewer than 40% of students even have internet at home or available, let alone a computer.

 

[mathwonk]

While these assessments seem largely correct to me, the phrase "lost generation" oddly inspired an optimistic thought in me. I myself learned almost nothing in the first 12 years of school, especially in middle school, because of the very low quality of schools where I grew up. But eventually, when exposed to higher standards, and motivated by need, I did at last learn something. So my hope is that even a lost year or so of quality instruction may not doom an entire generation.

At the moment, some people of my acquaintance are working as online tutors for children who are missing their usual instruction, and it seems to be working well, at least for those students with funds to afford it and motivation to take advantage of it. Perhaps states could invest in such personal help more, but as to what can substitute for motivation, I think no one has a complete solution. Encouragement seems key, but that might be available via Skype or Zoom, with the right teacher. I.e. while in - person instruction seems ideal, perhaps it is personal, in the sense of one on one, instruction that can help significantly, even if remotely...? Just a thought.

added: maybe this emergency could spur increased provision of internet service, and online instruction, to the general public. Some of us remember the 1960's when quality instruction from Berkeley math professors was freely available on tv, (e.g. John Kelley on Continental Classroom). I still have the textbook, Introduction to Modern Algebra, 1960, on my shelf.

 

[anorlunda]

I sympathize with both sides on this subject. One side being return to face-to-face teaching, and the other side being full-speed-ahead-online. There is no minimum-risk bright line between those extremes. An institution that makes the wrong bet faces existential threats.

It would help greatly to know if the pandemic problem is permanent or temporary (and how temporary). But we don't have a crystal ball. Uncertainty in a major factor paralyzes decision making in all fields. Education is no different.

 

[rsk]

It's absolute performance. The grades are not curved.

I have talked to a couple of them, and they were my strong A students. One student flat out told me that she dispised online classes because she knows that she needs human contact. She learns more when she talks to a teacher or another student. The other student said that the lack of "human supervision" caused him to simply slack off (even though I've been hounding him for not doing homework and missing pre-lectures, etc.).

Zz.

I am also teaching live to my students. Sometimes when we have covered something new and I have set them a task based on it, I give them the option of staying connected with me as they work through it, or disconnecting to work on it on their own. I have noticed two students, among the brightest and who need no help whatsoever, staying online with me, working through it at my no-faster-than-the-slowest pace. They like that contact.

I have also found that some of the nicest moments are when they are working on something individually but stay connected, with mics open, to chat to each other about their work (and sometimes about other stuff) as they work. It feels like being back with them in the classroom.

 

[Devils]

Yes - that is my observation when I did my degree part time. It was like the tutorial method often used in England. There, instead you go to a big lecture, which could be online, to hear the material. You read the textbook, notes etc and then attempt the exercises. Then you have small, say 2 hour tutorials, once a week, with the lecturer, and you go through your work and discuss any issues.

That's along the lines of a flipped classroom.

 

[Vanadium 50]

There is no minimum-risk bright line between those extremes.

Let's be clear. The risk to students is minimal. As I said nearly two months ago,

here are good reasons for colleges to close, but student safety is not one of them. Do you know how many people aged 15-24 died of Covid in the US? 37. Total. Out of a population of 43M. Given a college full-time enrollment of 12M, that means 10 or 11 college students. Compare that to ~50 students murdered per year.

That 10 or 11 number is now up to ~17. This would be full-time college students. Part-timers skew older, and are more at risk. So around 3 students per month.

One problem (of several) is that those three universities will be sued into oblivion. No matter what steps they took. The next month, three more. The month after that, three more. No university administrator wants to be one of those statistics.

Let me toss in one more statistic. College students are actually at less risk of suicide than the general population. (Source: Suicide Resource Prevention Center). It's about a factor of two. Presently about 100 college students per month lose their lives to suicide. For those who like trolley problems, something to consider.

 

[Dr Transport]

That's along the lines of a flipped classroom.

I used to sub for a teacher who used the flipped classroom concept. It all depended on how motivated the kids were to actually sit down and watch the video lectures. I found some were good and some bad. I could tell after one or two times in the classroom who wasn't doing their "homework"...

 

[anorlunda]

Let's be clear. The risk to students is minimal. As I said nearly two months ago,

That's the same argument we get from party goers in the bars and on the beaches. What about the risk to their grandparents and elderly faculty? All the virus suppression strategies have a strong altruistic element.

One problem (of several) is that those three universities will be sued into oblivion. No matter what steps they took.

I agree. I think there is an urgent need for national legislation giving safe harbor liability immunity for businesses, universities, and institutions who try to follow the guidelines. IMO fear of getting sued has a huge chilling effect. Educators and others should be supporting lobbying to get the legislation.
---
Relevant to this thread, is this article from a legal blog. Hybrid means some students on video with other students in the room.
https://reason.com/2020/06/17/the-difficulties-of-teaching-a-hybrid-class/

 

[Vanadium 50]

That's the same argument we get from party goers in the bars and on the beaches.

That's exactly right. The issue is College Student Mary might infect College Student Sue who then goes on to infect Great-Grandpa Joe. However, if we are going to make that argument we shouldn't pretend we are doing it for Sue's benefit.

 

[bhobba]

That's along the lines of a flipped classroom.

IMHO it's a better way.

Thanks
Bill

 

[ZapperZ]

I just had the confirmation that both of my classes for Fall 2020 will be run remotely, which means that it will continue with what we did during the 2nd half of Spring 2020. The only difference here being that campus facilities, such as computer centers, etc. will be open and available to students who wish to come in and use those facilities, unlike this past spring when the entire campus was shut down.

The technical issues were one of the major problems that I had this past Spring, because about 1/4 of the students in my Astronomy class didn't have wifi where they lived, and they also didn't have either a good-enough computer or didn't even have one to be able to attend live, synchronous lessons. Luckily, all of my physics students didn't have that problem. Even with the school lending out equipment and hotspots, it was a scramble during the first 3 weeks of the shutdown.

Now that we already know in advance what will happen and what to expect, all parties are more well-prepared this time around, I would think. I know I am more well-prepared to do both classes online this time around, since I've been expecting that ever since I started my summer vacation. I mentioned in my earlier posts that I've enrolled in two Quality Matters workshops during the summer to get formal credentials as an online instructor, but more importantly, in learning a few more important skills as an online instructor and conducting online classes. I've completed one already, and it was a very useful course. It forced everyone to look at an online course from the point of view of the student via examining the Quality Matters' extensive rubric. I learned an amazing amount of information that is valuable not just for any online classes that I will run, but also for the face-to-face classes that I hope to get back to after this pandemic blows away.

I have one more workshop to attend at the end of July on online teaching skills. I may not use everything that I've learned in these courses, but it is nice to know what the current best-practice methods are, and what have been tried and what didn't work.

Of course, the issue with General Physics courses are the labs. In my case, it is even more of an issue because many of my labs are incorporated within my lectures, i.e. they are not separate sessions or separate activities from the lessons. So that has been a struggle for me to now try to separate them out, and to find alternatives. I've been browsing through the material at Pivot Interactives, and I've been quite impressed by it. An instructor in my dept. is currently using it for a remote class during the summer session, and it seems to be going well. So this is something I'm seriously looking into before I fully adopt it. I still have about 1 1/2 months left before everything must be finalized, so it's going to be a rather busy next few weeks.

Zz.

 

[anorlunda]

Kudos @ZapperZ . As always, it is not the money or technology that makes the difference, but rather dedicated teachers.

 

[rsk]

I agree that now we are better prepared and to go online from September won't pose the same problems as this time round.

However I'm also aware that this year, we went remote with students we already knew, with whom we had already established relationships having been running those same groups for 5 or 6 months on campus.
September will be different, we'll be faced with new intakes and won't have that same opportunity. For me, as a HS teacher, classroom relationships are central to the whole process and it's going to feel very strange to me.

If what we end up with some form of 'blended' learning, with a mix of onsite and online, then that will be alleviated somewhat, but it sill still take longer to build those relationships.

We will see. In the meantime, I will have a look at Pivot interactives so thanks for that!

 

[anorlunda]

If what we end up with some form of 'blended' learning, with a mix of onsite and online, then that will be alleviated somewhat, but it sill still take longer to build those relationships.

You may be interested in these two posts about the special problems with "hybrid" class teaching.
https://reason.com/2020/06/17/the-difficulties-of-teaching-a-hybrid-class/
https://reason.com/2020/06/18/another-proposal-for-the-hybrid-class/

 

[ZapperZ]

I agree that now we are better prepared and to go online from September won't pose the same problems as this time round.

However I'm also aware that this year, we went remote with students we already knew, with whom we had already established relationships having been running those same groups for 5 or 6 months on campus.
September will be different, we'll be faced with new intakes and won't have that same opportunity. For me, as a HS teacher, classroom relationships are central to the whole process and it's going to feel very strange to me.

If what we end up with some form of 'blended' learning, with a mix of onsite and online, then that will be alleviated somewhat, but it sill still take longer to build those relationships.

We will see. In the meantime, I will have a look at Pivot interactives so thanks for that!

Are you given any kind of professional development to train you on running online classes? Unlike college level courses where college students are expected to be a bit more independent and do self-learning, HS students require a bit more of a structure and more meticulous planning. After all, HS teachers require credentials to teach HS students, unlike college level classes. So are you provided proper training to run HS online or hybrid classes?

The biggest mistake that I've seen many instructors do is to think that they can simply port what they were doing in face-to-face classes to online classes with some minor modification. Even with synchronous sessions, this is definitely not the way to do it. If I've learned anything, it is that online classes are a different beast than face-to-face classes, and have to be treated differently. And this includes the psychological aspect of it, i.e. how do you get students who are either just watching you on their screen, or students who are studying on their own asynchronously by going over the material, to engage with the class and the material.

There is one unique problem that many STEM instructors face that many people and course designers outside of STEM fields do not appreciate. In STEM subjects, especially math, physics, engineering, etc., we often discuss and solve problems by sketching and writing math equations. These are almost automatic. In fact, in my physics classes, sketching the problem is a requirement to receive full credit in solving that problem. This part is horribly tedious to do with online classes during a synchronous session.

Sure, there are whiteboard apps, capabilities, etc. on various videoconference programs. But most of us do not have a touch screen computer, and trying to draw using a mouse is absurd, and forget about trying to write an equation quickly. Whiteboard or touch-screen accessories to be attached to your computer is horribly expensive, and my school certainly does not provide any kind of allowance for us to get one for every instructor that needs it.

I managed to solve this issue a few years ago when I was running a hybrid course. Luckily, I have an iPad, and I manged to find a way to use my iPad as a writing implement during a synchronous class session, allowing me to sketch, write equations, etc. as if I have a white board in class. I'll describe more of this in detail if anyone is interested to know how I did it, but I'm interested to hear how everyone here overcomes this problem with your online classes.

Zz.

 

[rsk]

Are you given any kind of professional development to train you on running online classes? Unlike college level courses where college students are expected to be a bit more independent and do self-learning, HS students require a bit more of a structure and more meticulous planning. After all, HS teachers require credentials to teach HS students, unlike college level classes. So are you provided proper training to run HS online or hybrid classes?

The biggest mistake that I've seen many instructors do is to think that they can simply port what they were doing in face-to-face classes to online classes with some minor modification. Even with synchronous sessions, this is definitely not the way to do it. If I've learned anything, it is that online classes are a different beast than face-to-face classes, and have to be treated differently. And this includes the psychological aspect of it, i.e. how do you get students who are either just watching you on their screen, or students who are studying on their own asynchronously by going over the material, to engage with the class and the material.

There is one unique problem that many STEM instructors face that many people and course designers outside of STEM fields do not appreciate. In STEM subjects, especially math, physics, engineering, etc., we often discuss and solve problems by sketching and writing math equations. These are almost automatic. In fact, in my physics classes, sketching the problem is a requirement to receive full credit in solving that problem. This part is horribly tedious to do with online classes during a synchronous session.

Sure, there are whiteboard apps, capabilities, etc. on various videoconference programs. But most of us do not have a touch screen computer, and trying to draw using a mouse is absurd, and forget about trying to write an equation quickly. Whiteboard or touch-screen accessories to be attached to your computer is horribly expensive, and my school certainly does not provide any kind of allowance for us to get one for every instructor that needs it.

I managed to solve this issue a few years ago when I was running a hybrid course. Luckily, I have an iPad, and I manged to find a way to use my iPad as a writing implement during a synchronous class session, allowing me to sketch, write equations, etc. as if I have a white board in class. I'll describe more of this in detail if anyone is interested to know how I did it, but I'm interested to hear how everyone here overcomes this problem with your online classes.

Zz.

I use my own android tablet & pen to teach from (using Lecture Notes and an app to cast it) but very few of my students have pens/styluses(styli?) to do the same. School has subscribed to a great platform called ClassKick which allows teacher and students to work on same document - the app itself allows either pen or keyboard use so should suit all, but of course the lack of pens is makng it too frustrating for them, Cost will be an issue whether it falls to the students or the schools to provide these.

A far as the training goes, we've had some ad hoc training on apps and platforms to support online learning, but as you hint, lots of these are not particularly useful for science/maths where diagrams and equations are necessary. It's likely that there will be more training available, I think, in preparation for the new school year both as the usual providers adapt to new circumstances and as colleagues discover and share new ways of doing things.

Interesting times ahead.

 

[bhobba]

Kudos @ZapperZ . As always, it is not the money or technology that makes the difference, but rather dedicated teachers.

Exactly. That's one of the messages that came through loud and clear in Visible Learning by Professor Hattie. Our education ranking here in Aus is dropping alarmingly for multiple reasons, one of the main reasons being the declining standards of teachers. Evidently new graduates did poorly in basic English and Math exams on graduation. That's because Education was seen simply as a last resort if you could not get into something else - they were accepting people with ridiculously low grade 12 results. Mine was nothing to write home about, but I turned a new leaf at university and worked my butt off, so did well. But evidently those going into teaching, by and large, do not see it as something they are drawn to and just coast along. Not all of course, but when you have things like physical threats to teachers by students and 'helicopter' mothers it's a battle. My solution is the same as they do in Finland. Drastic increases in teachers salaries to raise their status and be more attractive to better students as a career, minimum requirement a Masters degree, and much greater autonomy to the school, reducing bureaucratic overhead to pay for the increased salaries. They were moving to a Masters as a minimum requirement here in Aus, but that now seems to be abandoned. Just that by itself, and an increase in salary will make a big difference in itself IMHO. It hopefully will weed out those students that simply see it as a job of last resort by requiring the extra year or two to complete a Masters, raise its appeal to the better students because of increased remuneration, so, fingers crossed, attract those that see teaching as a vocation, not just a job.

Thanks
Bill

 

[atyy]

I managed to solve this issue a few years ago when I was running a hybrid course. Luckily, I have an iPad, and I manged to find a way to use my iPad as a writing implement during a synchronous class session, allowing me to sketch, write equations, etc. as if I have a white board in class. I'll describe more of this in detail if anyone is interested to know how I did it, but I'm interested to hear how everyone here overcomes this problem with your online classes.

I might get an iPad so I can write equations. However, a colleague who does drawings for biology uses https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07PWKGHFQ which might be a cheaper option. I'm still deciding what to get, and would appreciate knowing what others use.

 

[rsk]

I might get an iPad so I can write equations. However, a colleague who does drawings for biology uses https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07PWKGHFQ which might be a cheaper option. I'm still deciding what to get, and would appreciate knowing what others use.

Mine is a Samsung S3 galaxy tab. LectureNotes is an android app (not free but only a couple of €s) and allows all sorts of useful things, including import of pdf, image, video etc plus allows you to record what you're doing.

Since it's my own, school security prevents me from connecting it directly to the school's G-suite so in order to use it in a Meet class, i first cast it to a laptop with Airdroid.

The tablet was (and still is) the most expensive thing I'd ever bought, but I think it was worth every penny and it's probably available cheaper now as the next one in the range came out a while back.

 

[ZapperZ]

In my case, I use an app called AirSketch with my iPad. It is a whiteboard app, but with one interesting and convenient feature. You can have it display on your computer! It gives you a local web IP, and when you open a browser on your local network, what you end up is a white screen. You write on your iPad, and everything is mirrored onto your web browser screen live.

Here's a screen capture that I did rather quickly 3 minutes ago (it's my excuse for my horrible handwriting). When I share my web browser during a synchronous session, the students can see my writing live as I work through an example. It is the same as if they were in class a looking at the whiteboard that I'm writing on.

I like this method because (i) it's using something I already have, and (ii) it doesn't require any other special installation or drivers, etc. All I do is type in the web IP address in my browser on whatever computer that I'm using, and off I go! I've used this for the past 2 years, and it worked very well. Not only that, I can save each page, and upload all of them for the students to review later.

And yes, the app has several other features that allows you to change colors, line size, etc. But that is in the full, paid version. The free version will allow you to write only in black, and you don't have the ability to change color. I had been using the free version of the app till last March, and I finally paid for the full version when we changed to remote learning. So the free version was certainly quite adequate in most cases.

Zz.

 

[symbolipoint]

The post #129 reminds me of struggling because a teacher routinely used an overhead projector during lecture time. I did not predict that things would ever get worse.

 

[ZapperZ]

The post #129 reminds me of struggling because a teacher routinely used an overhead projector during lecture time. I did not predict that things would ever get worse.

Unless I've given the wrong impression, that is not what I present to my students during a synchronous lecture.

I typically have my powerpoint presentation all set up with the material, etc. It is only when I have questions or what I need to explain further that I will whip up the whiteboard so that I can easily explain stuff. I also use this to annotate my powerpoint pages when there are questions or something needs further clarification.

In other words, the whiteboard is not the main actor in my presentation.

Zz.

 

[Greg Bernhardt]

Just a few weeks from the start of many schools. Any update from educators?

 

[ZapperZ]

Just a few weeks from the start of many schools. Any update from educators?

Yes. I have completed two Quality Matters workshops, and just started my institution-specific training for online classes (3 weeks of intense work that will run into the beginning of Fall semester. I must be nuts!).

The biggest take-away from all the training and workshop is: online classes are NOT the same as face-to-face classes taught online. If you think they are, and if you teach it that way, your online classes will suck! They are of different beasts and have to be presented, delivered, and treated differently.

Zz.

 

[Devils]

Our education ranking here in Aus is dropping alarmingly for multiple reasons, one of the main reasons being the declining standards of teachers.

For some odd reason, the quality of students is never mentioned in these studies. The biggest predictor of student outcomes is socioeconomic status. I have taught and tutored in Australian private and public schools. Public schools are like a warzone & I'm surprised that kids learn anything. On the other hand private schools have respectful students who want to learn, and they are far more selective on what teachers they hire. I also got the feeling in public schools that there wasn't much real management going on. Many teachers in Australian public schools send their kids to private schools. The head of physics at one public school said "everybody would leave if they could find a job elsewhere". That does not inspire confidence .

 

[bhobba]

For some odd reason, the quality of students is never mentioned in these studies.

In the Gonski report they hooked onto your postcode as a big determinant, so thought let's give schools in the poor performing postcodes more money. The thought didn't seem to occur that maybe the students had better attitudes in some postcodes. Interesting mindset.

My personal view for what it is worth is get out of school as soon as you can and go to university. In Aus that is easily done via the university of open learning eg:
https://www.mq.edu.au/study/other-study-options/open-universities-australia

You enrol in one of the degrees offered, but at Macquarie after a semester you can transfer to whatever you like - dependant on how well you did.

Thanks
Bill

 

[rsk]

There's a huge fuss at the moment in scotland, where I started my teaching, over the grades which have been allocated this year.

Teachers were asked to give predicted grades, which the exam board (SQA) then 'moderated' based on the school's past performance - a measure to counter grade inflation (or cheating, in effect) I suppose.

Anyway, the fuss is that many students have had their grades moderated down and this has highlighted the post-code dependent gulf in attainment. The board has simply attempted to match the year on year data, and to me the real problem here is that the gulf in attainment exists - in every normal non-pandemic year - based on postcode and socioeconomic status.

I too was asked to give predicted grades for my students and to rank them in order - I imagine that's to fit them to the curve and therefore that the rank I gave them will matter more than the grade i gave them. Time will tell, we haven't got those 'results' back yet.

 

[vela]

The biggest take-away from all the training and workshop is: online classes are NOT the same as face-to-face classes taught online. If you think they are, and if you teach it that way, your online classes will suck! They are of different beasts and have to be presented, delivered, and treated differently.

Are you converting your classes to be fully online and asynchronous?

 

[symbolipoint]

rsk,
Predicted grades? Based on something useful, like to project based on some results through the semester or year?

 

[rsk]

We do predicted grades every year anyway, it's just that this year we knew there was more at stake.

They're based on pupil performance across the board in that they really are our prediction, based on everything we know about that student, of the grade they'll obtain in the real external exam. Most teachers are pretty good at this and there are rarely any big surprises but of course, there are sometimes pressures to over predict (I worked at a school once where the Head pressured staff to predict top grades for the kids who had applied to Oxbridge, to keep their pushy parents happy).

We had submitted our routine predicted grades just before schools were ordered to close and when we still (naïvely) assumed exams would take place - to make significant changes after exams were canceled would have looked decidedly dodgy. The ranking was the most difficult part for me.

 

[ZapperZ]

Are you converting your classes to be fully online and asynchronous?

No. I'm converting my classes to fully online with a combination of synchronous and asynchronous.

Unlike in Spring where we were scrambling and some students were left without the ability to connect consistently, we are more well-prepared now. I can require students to attend my synchronous Zoom session, and will be using Zoom to its full extent (polling, breakout rooms, etc.) to increase student engagement. I'm also modifying our LMS page to increase the impact of resources, pre-lectures, and forum discussions (these are the asynchronous part), all of which I've learned can have a significant impact on student engagements with online material.

I used to have my LMS page categorized by Lecture notes, homework, pre-lectures, quizzes, etc... Now, they are "Start Here", "Week 1", "Week 2", etc... which is more intuitive for an online students to follow. Every single activity and assignment that a student has to do are contained within week, so they know exactly what they need to accomplish and complete for that week.

The other take-away from all my training is that the idea that online classes are easier is a huge, big myth. In fact, it's the other way around, that both instructor and students will have to do more in an online class than in f2f class.

Zz.