What Is the Mass of a Planet Given Its Moon's Orbital Period and Radius?

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The discussion revolves around calculating the mass of a planet based on the orbital period and radius of its moon. The gravitational constant (G) is provided, and the user converts the orbital period from days to seconds and the radius from kilometers to meters. After calculating the moon's orbital velocity, they apply gravitational and centripetal force equations to derive the planet's mass. Initially, the user mistakenly calculated a mass comparable to the sun, but later realized the correct mass should be in the range of x10^24 kg, similar to Earth's mass. The conversation highlights the importance of unit conversion and careful application of formulas in astrophysical calculations.
Greywolfe1982
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Homework Statement



Given: G = 6.67259 × 10^−11 Nm2/kg2
A small Moon of a planet has an orbital period of 2.08 days and an orbital radius of 5.04 × 10^5 km.
From these data, determine the mass of the planet. Answer in units of kg.

Homework Equations



FG=FC
FG=Gm1m2/r^2
FC=mv^2/r

The Attempt at a Solution



First step was to convert into meters/seconds:
2.08 days to 179712 seconds
5.04x10^5km to 5.04x10^8m

Use v=d/t (or v=2\pir/T) and get a velocity of 17621.1m/s. Use Fg=Fc and simplify to Gm/r=v^2, rearrange to v^2r/G=m. I crunched out the numbers and get a mass that's nearly as large as the sun. The problem states it's a planet, so I'm assuming I'm doing something wrong...what is it?
 
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I don't see any error in your calculation... What is your final number you get for mass? Note the mass of the sun is about 2*10^30 kg.
 
Doh, I guess I should have done half a second of research before I posted this topic.

For some reason I thought the Earth was ...x10^10, rather than x10^24. I got an answer of something (don't have the papers by me now)x10^27, which now seems fairly reasonable.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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