Apply Definition and 508 Threads

In mathematics and computer science, apply is a function that applies a function to arguments. It is central to programming languages derived from lambda calculus, such as LISP and Scheme, and also in functional languages. It has a role in the study of the denotational semantics of computer programs, because it is a continuous function on complete partial orders. Apply is also a continuous function in homotopy theory, and, indeed underpins the entire theory: it allows a homotopy deformation to be viewed as a continuous path in the space of functions. Likewise, valid mutations (refactorings) of computer programs can be seen as those that are "continuous" in the Scott topology.
The most general setting for apply is in category theory, where it is right adjoint to currying in closed monoidal categories. A special case of this are the Cartesian closed categories, whose internal language is simply typed lambda calculus.

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  1. M

    Terminal Voltage Formula Doesn't Apply?

    I'm confused as to why I can't simply use the terminal voltage formula here... Vt = E - Ir = 1.5 - (.5)(.6) = 1.2 V The actual answer is 1.8 V. Is there a difference because it is "find the terminal voltage of the cell while it is being charged?
  2. K

    Does Le chatlier's law apply if reactants are liquids and a product is solid?

    Hi So the reaction is below: Sodium thiosulfate + HCl = Sulfur + NaCl+ Water+ SO2 So if I wanted to say 'Increasing the conc. of Sodium thiosulfate has shifted the equilibrium to the left (reactants) and thus the system works to break down excess reactants and create more product by...
  3. R

    Does Coulomb's Law apply to more than point charges?

    I read an article on Coulomb's law which read, ''Coulomb's law only applies to point charges'' (or something along those lines). Am I wrong, or is there an equivalent that can work for magnets/big electric charges?
  4. H

    Programs Preparing to apply for computer science as first degree

    I have always wanted to apply for Mathematics in university but lately I have developed an interest in computer science(after having read some parts of the book 'An introduction to parallel algorithms and architectures') - what other books should I read and how do oxbridge interviews go?
  5. Z

    Gaussian Elimination rules - apply to rows only?

    Homework Statement In this video; the uploader states at 0:47 that there are three rules. 1. Can swap rows 2. Can multiply a row by a constant 3. Can add a multiple of one row to another Do these rules apply only to rows? Can they be applied to columns? The uploader has not stated...
  6. R

    How to Apply Lagrange Equation, Really Confused

    Homework Statement I am having trouble understanding how to apply Lagrange's equation. I will present a simplified version of one of my homework problems. Imagine an inverted pendulum, consisting of a bar attached at a hinge at point A. At point A is a torsional spring with spring...
  7. B

    Copper & Silver Nitrate: Applying to Daily Life

    Homework Statement In my Chemistry lab, we made silver using copper and silver nitrate. We put a solution of silver nitrate, distilled water, and copper wire in a test tube and observed it. Then we took the copper out (the solution turned blue and the copper had crystals formed on it but we...
  8. D

    Trying to apply electric current to plasmas in motion.

    How do you represent a certain mass of plasma (ions and free electrons) traveling inside a containment from point A to point B as "I", electrical current? Trying to make a connection, Doug Ettinger
  9. B

    Apply the mean value theorem for integrals

    Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution My book is not explaining very well the steps at solving these problems. There is a step that I'm missing step 1. find 1/(b-a) easy step 2. find the antiderivative of 4 - x, easy, x^2/2 step 3. plug in what the result of the...
  10. N

    Can I Apply for Robotics Grad Degrees with a Dual ECE Degree?

    I have decided to major my engineering degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering, however I only start this year. I am interested in the field of robotics, specifically the side of the programming, developing intelligent machines and artificial intelligence etc. My question is, would...
  11. R

    Why can't i apply the simple average velocity formula?

    I'm doing a homework problem (i already know the answer) and i came across an error in my logic/application of the formula Vavg = (v + v0)/2. Hopefully you can help me understand why it's incorrect to use the formula. x = 12t2-2t3 describes a particle position. the derivative of x = 24t-6t2...
  12. N

    Why does the Poisson distribution apply here?

    Hello, I'm reading a text about statistics, but I don't understand why Poisson applies. (Note, this is not an assignment or anything like that.) Why would X be Poisson distributed with that parameter theta? The only Poisson that I could find reasonable is modelling X as Poisson...
  13. T

    Schools Should I apply to more reach schools for graduate studies?

    I have a question pretty specific towards my situation but I think its an interesting thing to think about anyways. I am in the process of applying for graduate programs for the fall, and from two professors I got slightly different advice. One said that I should apply to few top schools, few...
  14. H

    Why do we apply sign conventions to optics formulae?

    When we derive the relations between image distance(v), object distance(u) ond focal length(f) for mirrors or lenses (1/v+1/u=1/f and 1/v-1/u=1/f respectively), using the concept of similar triangles and alternate exterior angles, in the last step we apply standard sign conventions to get the...
  15. E

    Does Betz Law Apply to Helicopters?

    Does Betz law apply to helicopters? I.e will maximum 59% of power supplied by an helicopter actually provide lift?
  16. 1

    Can I apply volume expansion this way?

    Homework Statement An aluminum cup of 120 cm3 capacity is filled with glycerin at 15°C. How much glycerin, if any, will spill out of the cup if the temperature of the cup and glycerin is raised to 34°;C? Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I think I can solve this no...
  17. R

    Filter DC offset - apply High-pass filter (in time-domain or frequency domain?)

    Hello all, I want to filter DC offset for a signal by applying a high-pass filter to it (I've been told that to filter the DC offset this is what I should do - I'm not sure why exactly!) My question is; do I do that in the time-domain or frequency-domain after applying FFT? And I would...
  18. B

    XRy: x has drawn a picture of y | what relations apply?

    Homework Statement The relation xRy is defined as "x has drawn a picture of y". R is on the set of all people. Is this relation: reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, antisymmetric, transitive ? Homework Equations What confuses me about this problem is that there is uncertainty...
  19. mrspeedybob

    How does SR apply to rotating bodies?

    Suppose I have a disk that is 100,000 km in diameter. I attempt to rotate it at 1 revolution per second. Am I unsuccessful because the material on the outside edge would have to travel faster then light or am I successful because length contraction at the outside edge reduces the...
  20. A

    Forces two objects apply on each other during inelastic collision

    Homework Statement Values from previous problem: Pre-collision: v2kg=6m/s -->, v3kg=3m/s <-- Post-collision: v2kg=2m/s <--, v3kg=5.67m/s --> Collision time: 0.2 sec Homework Equations F=mA=m(Δv/Δt) The Attempt at a Solution My instinct to solve this was to use the pre-collision values to...
  21. H

    How to apply Faraday's Law of Induction

    Greetings, I have read the explanation on this forum here: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=441637 which discusses Faraday's Law of Induction, but I'm having a hard time understanding how to extrapolate that to my problem. My goal: Construct a circuit that measures ambient...
  22. B

    What magnitude of force must the worker apply?

    Homework Statement A factory worker pushes a 30.0-kg crate a distance of 4.5. along a level floor at constant speed by pushing horizontally on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor is 0.25. (a) What magnitude of force must the worker apply? Homework...
  23. E

    Applying for Math PhD: Tips & Advice

    Hi all, I'm applying to math phd programs this fall. I'm not sure what I will want to research yet, but I liked analysis best in ug. I've been off school for abt 2 yrs this december. In the meantime I have been teaching mathematics. I have all a's in my ug math courses, except for 1 b+ in...
  24. T

    Programs Which applied math phd program to apply to?

    Hi guys, I am trying to figure out what Applied Math PhD programs I should I apply to this fall. My main interests are in computational science, specifically numerical methods and stochastic methods. My profile is as follow: Undergrad: big state school, solid reputation in math Major...
  25. L

    Programs Help on where to apply for a PhD (UK)

    So I have a 1st class honours degree in maths and physics from my undergrad university. I then went on to do the part iii course at cambridge where i did only theoretical physics courses. I got a merit for that. Currently I'm working abroad for a year in a non-maths related job (hopefully my...
  26. V

    Apply Nodal Analysis to the Circuit

    Homework Statement Apply nodal analysis to the circuit to find the power (released or absorbed?) by the 3-mA source. [PLAIN]http://img15.imageshack.us/img15/1546/circuity.png Homework Equations Ohm's Law V = IR The Attempt at a Solution OK, so firstly I have to label all the...
  27. P

    Schools Figuring out which grad schools/what department to apply to

    So I am a final year math student and there are two questions here, 1) I am a math student but all of my research has been in CS. If I do pursue a CS degree it will be in something mathematical like cryptography, but I really have no clue. Should I be applying to Math or CS departments? Does...
  28. E

    Is it silly to apply a second time for transfer?

    I am considering applying for transfer to a school this Spring, but I know my application will be even stronger if I apply this fall. I really, really want to leave this Spring though. If I were to be rejected for Spring transfer, would this impact my Fall application badly? It is a competitive...
  29. K

    Preparing to apply for undergrad. research position

    Hey, everyone. I'm preparing to apply for a undergrad. research position. I have the link about the research topic: http://electron.physics.buffalo.edu/hzeng/ For those who did not goto the link, its about nano-scale magnetism. I want to be part of the research project because magnetism is one...
  30. Y

    Schools I want to study cosmology, which university should i apply ?

    i want to study cosmology,and i am going to apply this year. i am not qualified for the top 20 universities' Ph.D program, and i think i should apply some universities ranking from 30 to 100, i mean , ranking of physics, but still strong enough in theory cosmology. however, i have no idea...
  31. C

    Schools If a university program is still open to applicants, is it too late to apply

    Hi everybody, I've been deciding to transfer to another Ontario University (York University) and I have looked to see if the program that I am interested in is open and to my surprise the program is open. I have already applied to the program to be on the safe side, but if a program is still...
  32. T

    What maths does Digital-Signal Processing use? Does it apply to other areas?

    Hi, what mathematics does DSP use? And is it easy to use this knowledge to apply to other areas of study, where it's needed to study signals?
  33. B

    What options are there to rebuild to apply to gradschool after years off?

    I got a bachelors in physics in '08 at an upper liberal arts college. Intended to take a year off but fell into a depressed rut (father died, girlfriend left, etc etc) and just worked a low-skill job / volunteered / played wow for two years. Cleaned my act up a year ago. I'd surfed through...
  34. B

    Apply to Dutch TU: No Germanic Background?

    Hello everyboby ! I just want to know that if its possible to apply for a deutch taght master program if you don't have a germanic background Thanks for the help
  35. M

    Can the heat equation apply to gases?

    I've never known this but the equation only seems to contain a conduction term so I assume it can only apply to solids. Is there a similar equation for the time-evolution of temperature fields in gases, where convection is also considered? (how about radiation? although that sounds like it will...
  36. F

    Does the discriminant test apply to this conic?

    Homework Statement Let's say I have 3x2 + 3y2 + 3z2 + 8xz - 8xy - 8zy How can I apply the discirminant test to this 3d surface? The Attempt at a Solution In all of them, I keep getting 64 - 36 > 0 But there are like different kinds of hyperbola in 3d... i don't want to use...
  37. F

    Can you apply Stoke's theorem to this?

    Homework Statement What is the surface area of a hemi-sphere of radius 6 centered at the origin above the xy-plane lying outside the cylinder r2 = 9 The Attempt at a Solution I did a lot of algebra using the hard way by setting z = \sqrt{6^2 - x^2 - y^2} and use the formula A(S) =...
  38. M

    Need help, I don't know when to apply coz my current GPA

    Need help, I don't know when to apply coz my current GPA... First, thank you for clicking this thread and trying to help me. I am going to apply grad school for a PhD, but my situation now is... Let me explain. My current overall GPA is 3.24 (current Major GPA 3.67), thanks to those non-major...
  39. PainterGuy

    Where can we apply mesh and nodal analyses?

    Hello,:smile: Actually I'm just curious to know when and where we can apply mesh and nodal analyses. Perhaps, you can help me to understand this with some simple circuit diagrams. Thanks 1: To apply nodal analysis we must have at least two nodes. Am I correct? Moreover, we also need one extra...
  40. R

    Searching for chemical to apply to hair

    Hi, We sell hair products; both synthetic and human hair. Sometimes the customer will cut the hair and then say the hair was too short and request a refund, discount or exchange. We are searching for a safe chemical that we can apply to the ends of the hair so we know if the customer has cut...
  41. B

    Salary Expectations / When to Apply

    I was curious about my salary expectations for the South East area in Electrical Engineering. I have my BSEE and will be finishing up my MSEE this year (May 2012). My gpa's are decent, 3.4 and 4.0 respectively. I have had 2 internships and am the president of an honor society and am...
  42. A

    Does the first law of thermodynamics apply to the cosmological universe?

    How can the conservation of energy be applied to the entire universe? How can we define the energy of the universe? Is this definition unique for different observers? What is the difference between the thermodynamics universe (system+environment) and the cosmological universe?
  43. G

    What math related graduate programs should I apply to?

    I am currently in the process of finding schools and programs that I would like to apply to for graduate studies, and I thought I'd ask around here for some advice. Quick explanation of what I'm interested in: I am currently an undergrad applied math major with a minor in physics at a large...
  44. M

    Schools Can I Apply for Grad School After May/June?

    Hi, This thing just popped into my head. Although I am 2-3 years away from applying for grad school, is there any way to apply for grad school, fall session, if you can get your undergrad transcripts not before may-june? Typically, applications close before december of the previous year...
  45. M

    Schools Suggestions for Schools to Apply to (Engineering)

    I am making a list of all the schools I am applying to for spring 2012 tomorrow. So far, I have Colorado School of Mines, UC-Boulder, UT-Austin, Washington-Seattle. I am looking to live out west, preferably near/in a progressive city (I'm a vegan and want grocery store/farmers market...
  46. B

    Uniform convergence ( understanding how to apply a theorem)

    Homework Statement show a function f_n is not uniformly convergent using a theorem: Homework Equations if f_n converges uniformly to F on D and if each f_n is cont. on D, then F is cont. on D The Attempt at a Solution not really sure what to do. use the contrapositive? would that...
  47. L

    Estimate and apply transfer function to vibration data

    Hi, I am trying to reduce the error in the controller for a stewart platform. At the moment I am trying to experiment with estimating the transfer function of the error, and applying the inverse of the transfer function to the input data. I have an input file sampled at 50hz of...
  48. G

    Did You Apply Force to a Stationary Wall?

    If you were to push a wall and it were to not accelerate, would this mean you did not apply force to the wall according to the equation F=ma?
  49. D

    Do Fresnell equations apply to other waves than EM waves?

    When I read about Fresnel equations, I see that it is based on boundary equations determined by Maxwell's equations. So I would think these equations only apply to EM waves. But is there a similar behavior in other waves like sound waves in water? Would I want to use or modify Fresnel...
  50. N

    Can we apply superposition principle for states in Fock space?

    Please teach me this: In QTF theory book,I have not seen what saying about probability of creating or anihilating particle(quantum).So I wonder whether we can apply superposition principle for the states with different numbers of particles in Fock space. Thank you in advanced.
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