Apply Definition and 508 Threads

In mathematics and computer science, apply is a function that applies a function to arguments. It is central to programming languages derived from lambda calculus, such as LISP and Scheme, and also in functional languages. It has a role in the study of the denotational semantics of computer programs, because it is a continuous function on complete partial orders. Apply is also a continuous function in homotopy theory, and, indeed underpins the entire theory: it allows a homotopy deformation to be viewed as a continuous path in the space of functions. Likewise, valid mutations (refactorings) of computer programs can be seen as those that are "continuous" in the Scott topology.
The most general setting for apply is in category theory, where it is right adjoint to currying in closed monoidal categories. A special case of this are the Cartesian closed categories, whose internal language is simply typed lambda calculus.

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  1. H

    The diffrent frictions and how they apply in life.

    Okay, so on this last section we have been learning about friction. I'm a newby and right now we know of kinetic friction, static friction, and rolling friction. So the friction occurring when a person is walking would be kinetic right? Then when a car is braking it would be .. static? When a...
  2. L

    Studying engineering (and don't know which school in CA to apply to)

    Can anyone recommend a school for me, I am really not satisfied with living in California, & Prefer to go to a school in Colorado, though there is a chance of out of state tuition fees being expensive. But if that were not the case, a school in Colorado would be nice, but which school to go...
  3. Mentallic

    1kg object and I apply a force of 1N for 1sec, It will move 1/2m

    I'm having trouble understanding work. Taking an example: If I have a 1kg object and I apply a force of 1N for 1sec, It will move 1/2m and thusI will have done 1/2 (units?) of work, by the equation W=Fs. But instead, if I consider the same object now traveling at 10m/s and apply a 1N force...
  4. R

    Schools I don't know where to apply for math grad schools

    I was wondering if someone could help me decide what sort of math graduate schools I should be applying to. The following is basically all the information I can think of that could affect my application. I am a senior at one of those big state universities, and I am hoping to graduate this...
  5. L

    When do these methods for PDEs apply?

    I'm doing a course in PDEs, where the lecturer hasn't really explain when all these methods for solving PDEs are suitable. How do you decide which method to use to solve PDEs? Can someone explain for which class of PDEs do the following methods work: - similarity solutions - separation of...
  6. G

    Can we apply dynamics/system/chaos theory to the world?

    There are theories dealing with "systems" in an abstract general way, such as dynamical system theory (graph, topological), ergodic theory, chaos theory, catastrophe theory, complex systems, ... All these theories have advanced mathematical results - mostly about existence or non-existence of...
  7. M

    Formula/Algorithm to apply force to an arbitrary point on a polygon

    I am trying to code a 2D rigid body physics engine in Java, and I am having some trouble figuring out how an object will move and rotate if the force is off-center. Basically, what I can't seem to figure out is a way to find out the x, y, and rotational acceleration when a force is applied at...
  8. H

    Schools What colleges to apply to (undergraduate)?

    As a current high school senior, I am currently applying to colleges. Which universities have well developed physics programs? I live in California (ie UC system is fairly easy to get into), and am looking for those universities offering undergraduate research opportunities. Money isn't too big...
  9. R

    How to apply the definition of the derivative of a delta function

    I am supposed to prove that δ'(ax) = (1/a)*(1/|a|)*δ'(x) but I cannot figure out where the (1/a) term comes from. Using the scaling theorem I know that δ(ax) = (1/|a|)*δ(x), but how does this apply to the first derivative and does it explain where the (1/a) comes from?
  10. E

    Schools Why do grad schools want to know where else you apply?

    I'm applying to Ph.D and M.S. programs in medical physics this year, and I've noticed on some applications there is an option to fill in what other graduate schools I am applying to. Why do grad schools want this information? Would it increase my chances if I provide that information? Could it...
  11. K

    How to apply Navier-Stokes equations?

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  12. A

    Where Else Should I Apply for a Physics Major?

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  13. U

    How shud i apply lenz's law to this?

    Homework Statement http://img38.imageshack.us/img38/7309/coil.png When the switch in the circuit is closed a current is established in the coil and the metal ring jumps upward, Why? Describe what would happen to the ring if the battery polarity were reversed? Homework Equations...
  14. hagopbul

    Programs Apply for a master degree at the INSA de lyon

    i want to apply for a master degree at the INSA de lyon [nanotechnology] i want to know is INSA is a high quality institute or not or i apply for a polytechnic Best
  15. N

    Can Ampere's Law Still Apply When Whole Solenoid Is Enclosed?

    Homework Statement I want to know why Ampere's Law can sitll be applied/valid if the Amperian surface is drawn as a rectangle which encloses a whole solenoid. Normally the rectangle would just include one side of the solenoid. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution When...
  16. B

    Does Newton's 1st Law Apply to the 2nd?

    Is Newton's first law included in the second law?
  17. C

    Does it make sense to apply for M.Eng grad if ?

    Is it possible or at least likely to pursue graduate study as a mechanical engineer if your bachelor's degree is in a non-engineering field? I am highly motivated and very interested in obtaining a mech. eng degree, but I am afraid that I lack the math and science pre-requisites that I imagine...
  18. A

    Does Biot-Savart law apply at high frequencies?

    The Biot-Savart law for calculating magnetic fields due to a current is presented in my freshman physics book as a general way of getting B from I. But there's no time delay implied by the integral. Can I just manually throw the time delay into the integral? For instance, to numerically...
  19. W

    How the first two laws of thermodynamics apply to order

    I know that the first law states that matter is can't be created or destroyed but in the second it mentions that the universe is moving towards entropy. But does not the universe have a moment of creation and if that is the case then what would you say the matter would have been before the...
  20. F

    Admissions IIT Qualified but Aiming Higher: Can I Apply to MIT?

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  21. E

    Medical Does the phantom limb phenomenon apply to internal organs?

    The name "phantom limb" implies an external extension of the body. Has a similar phenomenon been reported for internal organs? Thanks for any and all.
  22. U

    How To apply Binomial Therem For, Z = 0 and Z R

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  23. V

    How to apply a load that is uneven(non parallel)_

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  24. E

    Can Liouville's theorem apply to dissipative systems

    form the proof in Hamiltonian, i didn't find any clue. the problem is i can't understand it even i know how to prove it.
  25. P

    Atwood machine probolem: Apply Lagrangian equations

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  26. H

    Apply Kirchoff's rules with a non-ohmic resistor?

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  27. N

    (UK) What are the GCSE levels requirements to apply for MIT?

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  28. G

    Does divisibility apply to imaginary numbers?

    For example, is 5i "divisible" by 5? Or does divisibility only apply to integers? On that note, is 5pi divisible by 5? Is 5/6 not divisible by 5? Thanks in advance! =)
  29. A

    Schools Help choosing Schools to Apply to

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  30. O

    News Does Common Article 2 of the GC apply to al Qaida?

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  31. G

    How Do You Apply Calculus to Determine Force in Physics?

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  32. H

    Apply to US Schools with a PGRE Score of 830?

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  33. J

    What is virtual work? And how does it apply to this question?

    Hi All! I am new on here so I hope you quality people can help me out:) I have this question and it asks me to solve it using Virtual Work? What is that and how do I apply it to this question: "A slender rod of length L is attached to a collar at B and rests on a portion of a circular...
  34. 2

    Schools Can a 3.5 Math GPA and Mixed Grades Still Get Me Into Grad School for Math?

    I have a 3.5 math gpa. I didn't do too well my first three semesters of college. However i got straight A's from my second semester of sophomore year on. I received a B in analysis and complex analysis and a C in my abstract algebra class. However I also took the graduate level versions of these...
  35. G

    Exploring Non-Monotonic Functions: Does Sin n Apply?

    i understand that non monotonic is neither decreasing nor increasing does it mean sin n is also non monotonic ?
  36. N

    Schools Graduate School Advice Needed: Where to Apply with my stats & backup schools

    Graduate School Advice Needed: Where to Apply with my stats & "backup" schools As an undergraduate I've studied engineering physics. It seems in general that graduate students in engineering have a lower gpa than those in physics or math. I have since decided I would like to do physics...
  37. K

    Poisson's Ratio Need Not Apply?

    A rubber block is subjected to an elongation of 0.03in along the x-axis, and its vertical faces are given a tilt so that theta=89.3deg. Find epsilonx, epsilony, and gammaxy. vr=0.5. The block is 4 in along the x-axis and 3 in along the y-axis. My solution epsilonx = 0.03/4 = .0075...
  38. 0

    Kinematics - How do I apply them to different problems?

    Kinematics -- How do I apply them to different problems? Homework Statement A Jet plane lands with a speed of 100 m/s and can accelerate at a maximum rate of -5.00 m/s^2 as it comes to a rest. A) From the instant the plane touches the runway, what is the min. time needed before it can come...
  39. D

    What happens when you apply a force in space over infinite time?

    Say you're in a spaceship, or someplace where there is no gravity, friction or resistance, and you have a rocket engine with a LOT fuel. You power up the rocket engine and it delivers consistant thrust for near enough infinite time. What exactly happens? As far as i understand you would go...
  40. A

    Is Applied Mathematics the Right Path for Me?

    Hi All I'm sure you get a lot of questions like this one, so I apologise if its more of the same. I've done a bit of a search, but I didn't find anything which really answered my question. I'm a south african student finishing my final year of high school with Cambridge (this means I can't...
  41. K

    Programs Can I apply for an EE Masters degree with a Computer Science BS?

    I dropped out of an Electrical Engineering major in my old school, and now I'll be studying Computer Science in another school. Does this pretty much leave me stuck in CS for a Masters? I didn't even finish the basic EE stuff in my old school, like the introduction to circuit analysis stuff...
  42. O

    How far are you from the intersection when you begin to apply the brakes?

    Homework Statement You are diving to the grocery store at 20 m/s. You are 110 m from an intersection when the traffic light turns red. Assume that your reaction time is 0.70 s and that your car brakes with constant acceleration. A) How far are you from the intersection when you begin to...
  43. R

    Programs Where to Apply for Math PhD: Advice and Considerations

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  44. fluidistic

    Foreigner want to apply for a master (Physics) in Canada or France

    I have a question. I'm French-Canadian but living and studying in Argentina. I'm currently studying physics at university, doing my 1st/2nd year there. In order to get the first diploma the course lasts 5 years (it's about 25 matters and a special work on the last year). From it you can...
  45. S

    Equation apply to reversible only or not?

    Equation apply to reversible only or not?? My thinking must be faulty somewhere, but I can't work out what's gonig on... The equation Tds = du + pdv and du = dq + dw are supposed to be valid for all processes right? yet dw = -pdv only for reversible cases, yes? So how do you...
  46. C

    Does light speed apply to all waves traveling in vacuum?

    Seriosly, waves have different frequencies, and light is somewhere in the middle of the EM spectrum, then maybe the right or left side could travel faster than c
  47. E

    When does the divergence theorem apply?

    As the thread title suggests, I'm having trouble realizing when the divergence theorem is applicable and when it is not. In some examples, I am instructed not to use it because it doesn't hold but on others I can use it. My first instinct was that it doesn't apply when the vector field isn't...
  48. C

    Does conservation of energy apply to magnetism?

    Does conservation of energy apply to magnetism? and Do magnets ever "wear" out. Do they ever lose their magnetism?
  49. E

    How To Apply Reciprical Theorem To Beams

    I am trying to learn and figure our the reciprical theorem when applied to beans and the deflection on a beam when a load is applied. The beam would be x long, say 10m and would have a weight/load applied at 5m, or dead center. There would be point A (Dead Center) point B (Half way between...
  50. T

    Fubini's Theorem apply? Volume

    Find the volume of the region bounded by x = - 1, \ x = 1 , y = - 1, y = 1 and z = x . Is this equaled to \int_{0}^{1} \int_{ - 1}^{1} \int_{ - 1}^{1} dx \ dy \ dz ? Can it also equal \int_{ - 1}^{1} \int_{ - 1}^{1} \int_{0}^{x} \ dz \ dx \ dy ?
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