Atom Definition and 999 Threads

Homework Statement The 3s state Na has an energy of -5.14 eV. Determine the effective nuclear charge. Homework Equations ##Z_{eff} = Z - s## Where Z is the atomic number and s is the number of shells in inner orbits. The Attempt at a Solution The textbook doesn't go into much more detail...

If we were to assume that the electron moves around the proton with radius a, the Schrodinger equation becomes: ##\frac{1}{a^2}\frac{d^2\psi}{d\phi^2} + \frac{2m}{\hbar^2}|E|\psi = 0## The question in my textbook asks me to solve the above equation to obtain values of energy and angular...

Please don't hate if this is a stupid question, I am a freshmen in high school so I don't know this stuff. What I am really talking about is how all atoms have some impurity in them which is why friction happens, but is there a way to create one with no impurity?

If an atom described by spin-orbit coupling is in a 4P state, why is the spin quantum number s=3/2?

It appears in a end page of a book published in 1956, named as "Our Friend Atom", that describes the benefits of the atom. Here is the end page:

My understanding of what makes an atom unstable is this: Large nuclei will have a high number of protons, and as a result there will be large amount of electrostatic repulsion between the protons in the nucleus. So when the nucleus is too large (too many protons) The electrostatic repulsive...

Please post scientific analysys like measurements. I want to see what they measured with measuring devices. I tried searching Google. Couldn't find any good paper on the subject. Only answers that it's empty and that it's not empty. Always contradictions when searching on Google!

The problem: A beam of electrons with kinetic energy 12.8 eV collides with a hydrogen target. What visible spectral lines will be emitted due to collisions? My question: I am confident I know how to do the bulk of this question, I am just uncertain about one thing: I know that 12.8 eV is enough...

If I shot a 5khz photon at a theoretical antenna made of one copper atom, the electron would absorb the photon and gain energy. What is it about that boost in energy that makes the electron oscillate at 5khz in the direction perpendicular to the photon's direction of propagation?

Homework Statement It's a simple problem. What is the total mass of an oxygen atom?Homework Equations Mass of electrons, protons, and neutrons, as well as their respective amount in an O atom The Attempt at a Solution Knowing the number of e, p, and n in an oxygen atom, I can calculate the...

Homework Statement The first excited state of the helium atom lies at an energy 19.82 eV above the ground state. If this excited state is three-fold degenerate while the ground state is non-degenerate, find the relative populations of the first excited and the ground states for helium gas in...

This is my first time here. Sorry if the formatting is a bit off. This is one of a few questions I am having difficulty with. I am not asking for any answers; and I have definitely done the work - multiple times - but have not been able to find the correct answer. Q) A uranium-238 atom can...

Okay guys So I was reading physical chemistry by atkins and quantum chemistry by ira.n.levine But there's one thing i am not quite clear with So it's like this: I do know that an atom has a definite energy(which is the sum of its potential (which includes the potential and(energy due to...

what is wave and how electrons show wave phenomenon within an atom. like in Px or Py or Pz orbital how electrons interchanged from one dumble to another?

what is wave and how electrons show wave phenomenon within an atom. like in Px or Py or Pz orbital how electrons interchanged from one dumble to another?

What do you think about Feynman's description (http://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_12.html#Ch12-S3) ? It seems to be inconsistent with hyperphysics (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/h21.html).

I know that an atom can become excited in one of two ways: by absorbing some energy from a source of electromagnetic radiation or by colliding with some other particle—another atom, for example, but my question is about the second part. So I want to know how and in what conditions (pressure...

Homework Statement Consider a scattering problem that is described by the Hamiltonian . The target is prepared in the lower level. The kinetic energy of the incident particle is Ev. Find the transmission as a function of energy. Homework Equations . The Attempt at a Solution I tried going at...

I have this formula "E= 1/2 mv^2" which I don't fully understand. Also, I don't have the values for helium's mass and velocity.

Every accelerated charge particle lose its engrgy in the form of electromagnetic wave but electron of an atom moving on stationary orbit do not emit any radiation. why? And why do accelerated charge particle lose energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation? Is there any relation between...

Suppose a single hydrogen atom is in mixed state. Ψ=(1/√2) Ψ_100+(1/√2) Ψ_200 Then energy will be E=(1/2)*13.6+(1/2)*(3.4)=8.5 eV. But there is no spectral line at 8.5 eV.

Hello pf Is the effective mass dependend on the donator atom in a semiconductor? In our experiment we have calculated the effective mass in a germanium semiconductor, doped with an unknown atom. It is 0.39m_e. From the internet we know that the effective mass is 0.33m_e. Is our result...

I know that an atom can become excited in one of two ways: by absorbing some energy from a source of electromagnetic radiation or by colliding with some other particle—another atom, for example, but my question is about the second part. So I want to know how and in what conditions (pressure...

Ok my question: what is the difference between the binding energies of these 2 types of atoms, conceptual wise, which one is greater? I am assuming based on the easy calculations of the potential energy of the finite size atom ( inside and outside) There is a difference between the potential...

For hydrogen atom ground state we know φ=π-1/2a-3/2e-r/1 I want to know the complex conjugate of φ* ?

When a photon is emitted by an atom is the energy of the atom conserved?

Question: In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the speed of the electron is approximately 2.18 × 106 m/s. Find the central force acting on the electron as it revolves in a circular orbit of radius 5.02 × 10−11 m. Answer in units of N. Comment on Attempt: Ok I tried using the centripetal...

Can an atom exist without any electron? If yes, then how?

Homework Statement In general, how would one calculate total probability/ in Hydrogen atom in two different states (n values)? Homework Equations P(r) = dP/dr = r^2R(r)^2? The Attempt at a Solution ?

Homework Statement Show that in terms of the dimensionless variable ##\xi## the radial equation becomes ##\frac{\mathrm{d}^{2} u}{\mathrm{d} \xi^{2}}=(\frac{l(l+1)}{\xi^{2}}-\frac{2}{\xi}-K)u## Homework Equations ##u(r)\equiv rR(r)## ##\xi \equiv \sqrt{2\mu U_{0}}\frac{r}{\hbar}##...

1. Imagine a universe where electrons and protons have positive and negative electric charges, respectively. Could an atom consisting of one electron and one proton exist in this universe?2. None.3. My first thought was that such an universe already exists (ours) since an atom with a negatively...

Imagine a universe where electrons and protons have positive and negative electric charges, respectively. Could an atom consisting of one electron and one proton exist in this universe?

Homework Statement "Suppose that a hydrogen atom, initially in its ground state, is placed in an oscillating electric field ##\mathcal{E}_0 \cos(\omega t) \mathbf{\hat{z}}##, with ##\hbar \omega \gg -13.6\text{eV}##. Calculate the rate of transitions to the continuum." Homework Equations ##R =...

Homework Statement Prove that the nth energy level of an atom has degeneracy equal to n^2. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I was thinking of using the sum from n=1 to N of n = N(N+1)/2 but my professor said i needed to change that equation up a bit to be able to show this. I was...

Suppose the hydrogen atom consists of a positive point charge (+e), located in the center of the atom, which is surrounded by a negative charge (-e), distributed in the space around it. The space distribution of the negative charge changes according to the law p=Ce^(−2r/R), where C is a...

1. A force is applied to an atom. What can be measured to determine the atom's mass? Explain your answer.2. No equations since this is a no-science physics course.3. I don't understand how part 1 is relating to part 2 of the question. As far as I know a spectrometer is used to determine an...

Before life got in the way I used to follow this field as a science fan up until the early 90's. Any good review articles for a general readership that can fill the gap in from early 90's till now. I would like to see how a lot of that research progressed and if any applications / devices came...

Hi. I am struggling to understand the concept of distinguishability in quantum mechanics. If the wave functions of two particles overlap, those become indistinguishable from what I can understand. So if, in an atom, two electrons occupying an orbital are also indistinguishable. right? But can't...

What is the consensus- Can the atom be considered a classical object if we managed to manipulate single atoms?

Hi dears,i have a question about atom,in classic physics ,(Bohr theory) when a electron swing away a proton it have not radiates magnetic waves because if electron radiates magnetic wave it will drop on proton ,and atom will be Unstable! my question is ,in quantum mechanics that uses orbitals...

Homework Statement We have a crude model for the polarization of a hydrogen atom, by approximating its 1s orbital with a uniformly charged ball of radius a. What is the (negative) charge density of the electron cloud? What is the electric field inside the cloud, at the point with radius vector...

klotza submitted a new PF Insights post Can We See an Atom? Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.

Is the probability of an unstable atom becoming stable known and vice verse; is the probability of an unstable atom not becoming stable known? In other words if there were a thousands unstable atoms, how many of these unstable particles would become stable? Thank you very much for your help!

Homework Statement Suppose an atom of iron at rest emits an X-ray photon of energy 6.4 keV. Calculate the “recoil” momentum and kinetic energy of the atom. (Hint: Do you expect to need classical or relativistic kinetic energy for the atom? Is the kinetic energy likely to be much smaller than...

..l am not talking about the color of flame... another thing some body says to me...that the flame is made form very hot photons. ..we know exciting atoms produce light ultraviolet gamma and infrared. ...but how atom produce flame...like an example a flammable gas.

Hello all, this is the first forum i have ever been on so please bare with me, i have so many questions to ask but i would like to start with the size of atoms, can there size be altered? are they all the same size?

The answer according to my booklet is 1.6734×10-24 (g), but I don't understand how we got this answer. proton: 1.6725×10-24 neutron: 1.6748×10-24 electron: 0.0009×10-24 To get the mass, I added protons with neutrons, but I got 3.3473×10-24. What am I doing wrong?

Homework Statement [/B] Consider a hydrogen atom which, in t = 0, is in the state given by \psi(\mathbf{r},t>0)=\frac{A}{4\pi}R_{10}(r)+\frac{cos\alpha}{4\pi}\left(\frac{z-\sqrt{2}x}{r}\right)R_{21}(r) Expand ψ in terms of the {Φnlm} basis of normalized eigenfunctions...

Homework Statement A neutral atom is known to have a nucleus with a positive charge of 2.4 x10-12 C. How many electrons does the atom have? Homework Equations q=Ne The Attempt at a Solution None

i am studying atom localisation suggest me some material to start.