Atomic Definition and 875 Threads

Have atomic models been proposed that do not have overlapping N levels?

can intense gravity like this in black holes stop atomic motion/jiggling ? if it does , where does the kinetic energy go ? does it radiate before entering a black hole ?

I've examined in lab how a capacitor acts within a circuit. In a case where we charge a capacitor in series with a bulb and then another capacitor, I get the circuit in charging.png. So let's say electrons in the circuit flow from the positive end to the negative end and the circuit flows like...

I am interested in knowing if the inside radius of the inner most part of the electron cloud is a constant versus Z. For example is it always the Bohr radius, or does this inner radius change as a function of Z? What is the experimental evidence?

We still often meet Bohr classical atomic model, e.g. for nearly classical Rydberg atoms. However, this model ignores the fact that electron has very strong magnetic moment: is tiny magnet (it wasn't known when Bohr introduced his model). To understand why there are needed corrections, let us...

Hello everyone. I have a problem I can't figure out. Let's say that we start off with UO2 fuel. Knowing the density (and enrichment) we can calculate the number densities of the constituents (i.e. U-238, U-235, U-234, O-16). Suppose now that the fuel is burned to a certain exposure. A...

This was just posted today, and looks interesting http://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.1137.pdf A New Generation of Atomic Clocks: Accuracy and Stability at the 10-18 Level B. J. Bloom et al The exquisite control exhibited over quantum states of individual particles has revolutionized the field of...

how do i determine the different atomic positions of iron (bcc) as the number of atom increases.

Hi, I am having a problem on career choice. I like astrophysics, but I am also interested in atomic physics. What do atomic physicists do as their job, can they get employment in industries?

1. Homework Statement Draw an LCAO representation of all of the bonding orbitals for C2H2O. Be sure to clearly state the hybridization of the two carbons and the oxygen in addition to drawing the orbital representation. Also show clearly what orbital any unshared pairs occupy. 2...

Hi, Please help me I am lost. I particle in a box model , equation for energy show that the energy increases as n increases, but in Borh's theory n^2 is in the denominator showing that as n increase, the energy decrease, I see the condradiction here. Am I right?

Is there any thing that could, or any way to increase the atomic decay rate of already unstable elements, such as the radio active elements. magnetically or otherwise, even if the thought is only plausible or otherwise theory, I wouldn't mind hearing it. A thought accord to me, what if...

Hello, A sinusoidally driven and undisturbed cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM) oscillates ideally in a sinusoidal fashion but the motion of the cantilever (time-domain trajectory) can become more complicated when it is disturbed by the inter-atomic forces as the cantilever taps...

In his paper, Chou et. al., 2010 has demonstrated that an atomic clock at the height of our head ticks faster than an atomic clock at the height of our feet. I was thinking that one electromagnetic process can be substituted with any other - so that corresponding atoms in our head tick faster...

To excite an electron in the atom from lower state to higher you need an EM field of frequency that matches the energy difference between those levels. How does the near-resonance transition work then? Thanks in advance.

A thought crossed my mind about the idea of atomic computers. In short, I have no clue as to whether such a thing is feasible, already in the works, or just a bunch of nonsense, which is why I decided to bring it up here and see if anyone could offer some insight into this idea. If so, I’d...

Hello everyone, I would like to buy some Si wafer with SiO2 layer on it. The manufacturer told me that they obtain the SiO2 with a wet oxidation process. My question is, would this layer be amorphous or crystalline or polycrystalline? Thanks!

Hi, Simply, what is "zeta" in atomic shells and what is its relationship with orbital angular momentum (L)? How is it used in quantum physics?

Hi there, I am trying to calculate diffraction efficiencies of a lattice with the coupled wave theory. As material parameters the programm I got needs the atomic scattering factor f1 and f2. (see http://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/asf.html for elements) I understood this seems to...

I happened across this little thing in a formula and I can't find what it stands for in any book/ website :confused: I think it stands for the ground state of an element, but I want to clarify first :smile: The symbol is E0 Its in this formula, which is derived from the energy of an...

Homework Statement Q1. Briefly explain the relevance of the Pauli exclusion principle for the structure of the periodic table of the elements. Q2. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be located in an atomic subshell with quantum numbers n and L? Briefly expain your answer...

Homework Statement The following photon wavelengths are observed in absorption at room temperature from an ionized atomic gas with a single electron orbiting the nucleus: λ= 13:5 nm, 11:4 nm, 10:8 nm. Use this data to determine the effective Rydberg constant and the nuclear charge...

Hi , well this is just a idea that came up when thinking about a certain problem in physics. Now it's late and I don't wan to be long but is it possible or has it been done , a device that could for example hold back lighter nuclei and let through heavier ones or vice versa? Well imagine a...

Assume we have a concentration of any specific material (in mg/M). Let's say for example: Ag (Z=47) with concentration 10 mg/M in water (H2O, Z=7.42). How can I calculate the effective atomic number (Zeff.) for the silver-water mixture if the concentration of silver was 10 mg/M for example...

Hey guys, I was doing some research and I am confused since I can't seem to get a straight answer. I wanted to know what the diameters/radii of protons and electrons are. But no place I go to agrees on the numbers. The general trend for protons is somewhere around 10^-15, but I've seen...

How is this possible if quarks are point particles?

Hello all, What is mean the Ritz Wavelengths in the NIST Atomic Spectra Database? Why the Ritz or Observed value for some Wavelength are very different? Thanks, Lil

When doing an experiment in order to observe the atomic spectra of some gas. We observe while peaking through the diffraction grating, symmetrical lines starting from n=1. Where does this symmetry arise from? Why do we see the same spectrum repeated on both, left side and right side. As if...

Something I don't understand about that experiment, or about relativity in general. Why the clock on the jet flying around the world is the slower one. I mean isn't the stationary clock moving the same speed away from the jetliner clock relative to the jetliner clock?

Homework Statement For our lab, we looked through the spectrometer to find the spectral values for Helium, which after being plugged into an excel spreadsheet, yielded an equation which I could use to find the wavelengths for Hydrogen. We were told to solve for R, which I did. However, at the...

If I use hydrogen-like orbitals for other atoms, how are the number of nodes and probability density affected?

One of the examples I was looking at had to do with diffusion of hydrogen in a Pb sheet. There is a constant concentration gradient applied, so the hydrogen is constantly diffusing. We are able to determine the concentration of the Pd matrix. We further know the atomic weight percentages of the...

Hi, I'm a little confused by the selection rules for atomic transitions. In pretty much any standard QM text, they derive the fact that an electron can't transition in an atom unless \Delta\ell=\pm1, i.e. unless the orbital angular momentum changes by one unit. Then the books go on to say that...

Atomic Hydrogen gas cloud to Star! what would be different about stars and their formation if interstellar medium only has atomic gas and nothing else? how would it affect stellar interior and energy production? My guess is that since atomic hydrogen is less massive than molecular...

Homework Statement Find the diameter of one atom of argon given that Dp = 2 where D is diffusion and p is pressure. The Attempt at a Solution molar mass of argon is 40g/mol using that for one atom can find mass in kgs. but that's its! im not given V, T or p. can put V in terms...

I read that a C12 atom has an atomic mass unit of 12 amu's. A C12 atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. If the mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu, the mass of a neutron is 1.00867 amu, and the mass of an electron is .000549, how can it's total amu be 12...

Homework Statement When an electron drops from the M shell (n = 3) to a vacancy in the K shell (n = 1), the measured wavelength of the emitted x-ray is found to be 0.0897 nm. Identify the element. Homework Equations E = 1240 / λ E = (-13.6 / n^2) * (Zeff^2) The Attempt at a...

I really need a good book in Atomic Physics that goes through the Hydrogen atom starting from the schrödinger equation to Transitions to Fine Structure smoothly and in details so that it is efficient. Any help is much appreciated.

Why is the energy of an atom with one electron missing greater than that of the neutral atom?

If atoms clump together through the interaction of electrons, protons and neurons to form matter, why can't gravity ( of the Earth for example),be simply described as just being the wholesale cumulative effect of all those electrons, protons and neurons of which the mass of the Earth consists...

I've been noticing that for expressions finding the nuclear radius there is a constant term r_0, that I can't seem to find an explanation for. The full term is R=r_{0}A^{1/3} That the atomic radius is roughly the 3rd root of the number of nucleons. But where is the r_0 coming from? I'm using...

Hi, I am trying to understand how electroplating works. With help of this wikipedia diagramm (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Copper_electroplating.svg/471px-Copper_electroplating.svg.png) I have already figured out (correct me if I am wrong) that it works something...

I'm currently working on a paper dealing with aspects of Franck-Hertz experiment, and encountered some puzzling descriptions and symbols in an article published in the past, as follows: 1. The article includes a simplified energy level scheme of mercury. This scheme includes also 7th & 8th...

Homework Statement Ground-state hydrogen atom with 12 ev kinetic energy collides head-on with another ground-state hydrogen atom at rest. Using principles of conservation of energy and momentum, show that an inelastic collision cannot occur. Therefore the collision must be elastic...

See attachment for working and details of what i have done.

Homework Statement I am basically wondering how they got to the assumption that the Ve = 2Vα. I've tried it a few times and I keep on getting that based off of their other assumptions, Ve should =0, even though I know that this cannot possibly be the case. Homework Equations Conservation of...

Hello world. I've been studying up on the fundamentals of electronics and have started with an abstract on atomic particles. My understanding is Electrons have a lighter mass and have a negative charge, Protons have a heavier mass and have a positive charge. Neutrons have a mass greater...

Hi, In quantum optics, the interaction between light and atoms is described by a Hamiltonian of the form d.E where d is the dipole moment of the atom. The picture given is basically that this is a vector and we take the the dot product with this and the electric field vector (whose direction...

hi guys, i have a basic question over the atomic excitation and it's relationship with the hydrogen like atoms. we know while excitation the electron in the ground state jump to the higher orbits. but when hydrogen or atoms containing little principal quantum numbered orbits get excited , then...

Homework Statement Two atomic clocks are synchronized. One is placed on a satellite which orbits around the Earth at high speeds for a whole year. The other is placed in a lab and remains at rest with respect to the earth. You may assume both clocks can measure time accurately to many...