Axis Definition and 928 Threads

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the protocol signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November 1936 that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term "Axis". The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy joined the Pact in 1937 and Hungary and Spain joined in 1939. The "Rome–Berlin Axis" became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called "Pact of Steel", with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan. As such the Anti-Comintern Pact, the Tripartite Pact, and the Pact of Steel were the agreements that formed the main bases of the Axis.Particularly within Europe, the term "the Axis" is still often used primarily to refer to the alliance between Italy and Germany, though outside Europe it is normally understood as including Japan.At its zenith in 1942 during World War II, the Axis presided over territories that occupied large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia. In contrast to the Allies, there were no three-way summit meetings and cooperation and coordination was minimal, and on occasion the interests of the major Axis powers were at variance with each other. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. As in the case of the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, with some nations switching sides or changing their degree of military involvement over the course of the war.

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  1. DaveE

    Why do people refer to the "fast axis" vs. "slow axis" of Diode Lasers?

    This is really a nomenclature question. The radiation pattern of a typical laser diode has one axis with low divergence (the slow axis) compared to the other (the fast axis). I understand about antenna radiation patterns, spatial Fourier transforms (Fourier optics), etc. So I think I understand...
  2. bryanso

    Understanding Feynman's Discussion of the Parallel Axis Theorem

    https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_19.html "Suppose we have an object, and we want to find its moment of inertia around some axis. That means we want the inertia needed to carry it by rotation about that axis. Now if we support the object on pivots at the center of mass, so that the...
  3. T

    Rotation around a non fixed axis + linear motion of a system

    I have had a thought experiment in my head for a while now and I am unable to find clear enough examples/info that deal with similar issues, to solve it on my own. This is why I hope that someone in this forum can at least point me towards a solution or provide hints as to where should I be...
  4. MichPod

    I On 1/2 spin - which is the X axis?

    For a 1/2 spin particle, every pure spin state may be represented as a superposition of two states of spin parallel to some arbitrary Z axis. (Upd) Particularly: $$|\uparrow_{x}>=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|\uparrow_{z}>+|\downarrow_{z}>)$$ I then wonder, if we chose the Z axis, how the X axis should...
  5. sagigever

    Properties of symmetric magnetic field around ##Z## axis (cylinder)

    I am trying to understand but without a succes why symmetric magnetic field around ##Z## axis make that ##\hat \phi## magnetic field is zero I can't understand why it physically happens and also how can I derive it mathematically? What does the word symmetric means when talking about magnetic...
  6. LCSphysicist

    Why when the axis is pivoted, there is no torque in its direction?

    I want to say [the bodies is under gravity field]: There cannot be torque alonge AB "since it is pivoted" There cannot be torque alonge AB "since it is pivoted" i think i am missing something.
  7. A

    Potential energy of a system of two punctual charges along the X axis

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  8. E

    Is angular momentum taken about a point or an axis?

    One part of König's theorem states that ##\vec{L} = \vec{L}_{\text{COM}} + \vec{L}^{'}##. The term ##\vec{L}^{'}## simply refers to the angular momentum wrt. the centre of mass. This is just a point, and doesn't have an axis implicitly associated with it (we have infinitely many choices!). The...
  9. Frigus

    Why the work done is the area enclosed by the graph of F versus x on x Axis?

    Why work done is area enclosed by graph of F v/s x on x Axis but not y axis. Suppose we apply a force on object which is proportional to displacement as ##\vec f##=## \vec x##²then area enclosed by Force and displacement on x Axis is integral of ##\vec x##²but on y-axis it should be integral of...
  10. T

    Why Use the Parallel Axis Theorem with the Second Moment of AREA?

    Hi all I was wondering if someone could help clear up some confusion about the Parallel Axis Theorem. I am trying to understand the purpose/benefit of applying the Parallel Axis Theorem with respect too the Second Moment Of Area. For example I have a beam that is under load. I have found its...
  11. Nacho_rc11

    Rotational dynamics: Rotating rod with two attached balls about a non principal axis

    Firstly I deduced that in this situation the moment of inertia I, is not going to be parallel to w. And I calculated it as a matter of the angle, for the rod and the two point particles attached (with a mass 'm'), and the total moment of Inertia ended up being: I=((R²*sin²α)/2)*(M/6 + m) Being...
  12. Jess1980

    Pitch axis location of aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades

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  13. Kaushik

    Tension of a rod rotating on a horizontal table about a vertical axis

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  14. Frigus

    Why does torque increase as we increase distance from the centre axis?

    Earlier I read that as distance from centre of axis of rod increases it's inertia increases but why does torque increases isn't it like that if inertia increases for same force the less force should be produced?
  15. Kaushik

    A uniform rod allowed to rotate about an axis and then it breaks

    A uniform rod AB of length ℓ is free to rotate about a horizontal axis passing through A. The rod is released from rest from the horizontal position. If the rod gets broken at midpoint C when it becomes vertical, then just after breaking of the rod. Choose multiple answeres from the below...
  16. brotherbobby

    Rotating a given vector about an axis

    The sketch above shows the situation of the problem. Clearly, as the rotation is taking place in the ##y-z## plane, the x-components of the two vectors remain unchanged : ##A_x = B_x##. Let the projection of the vector ##\vec B## on to the y-z plane be vector ##(\vec B)_{yz} = B_y \hat y + B_z...
  17. A.T.

    I Intermediate Axis Theorem - Intuitive Explanation

    Veritasium posted a video, featuring a visualization of an "intuitive" explanation of the Intermediate Axis Theorem by Terry Tao, based on centrifugal forces in a rotating frame of reference: Unfortunately, the animation is just as incomplete, as Tao's original explanation from 2011, and...
  18. D

    How to calculate the electric field at a point on the axis of two rings

    Hi! I need help with this problem. I tried to solve it like this: First I calculated the electric field of each ring: Thus the electric field at a point that is at a distance z from the ring is ##E=\frac{Qz}{4\pi\epsilon_0(z^2+r^2)^{3/2}}##, Thuss for the upper ring, the electric field would be...
  19. Like Tony Stark

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  20. C

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  21. Diracobama2181

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  22. callekula

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  23. AndresPB

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  24. H

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  25. bbbl67

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  26. Thytanium

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  27. R

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  28. P

    Determining the Moment of Inertia about an angle θ to the x axis

    I thought about solving it using components of IAB but since it is a scalar quantity it doesn't seems to be correct . I don't think Perpendicular Axis theorem will work as required Inertia is in the same plane.
  29. Physics lover

    Current density as a function of distance from the axis of a cylinder

    I first took out the variation of conductivity along the radius of cylinder.Also we know that J=sigmaE.Therefore i have to find variation of E also.But how will i find that as potential is also not given.Help.
  30. Benjamin_harsh

    Where does the plane exist in this parallel axis theorem?

    ##I_{AB} = I_{GXX} + A.(y^{2})## Same applies to CD; ##I_{CD} = I_{GYY} + A.(x^{2})## In the above statement, "any axis in its plane" where does the plane exist in this sketch?
  31. Benjamin_harsh

    What does "an axis normal to the plane containing the structure" look like?

    How does " an axis normal to the plane containing the structure" look like?
  32. Physics lover

    Variation of electric field and potential along the axis of a cone

    Options are at the top of page as a) b) c) d) Answer may more than one. Now since 'a' is distance from the smaller surface of cone so as we move along the axis area will increase,So current charge density will decrease and as we know J=sigma E,E will decrease,but V will remain constant since...
  33. Physics lover

    Moment of inertia of a square along an axis inclined at an angle

    My attempt-:I extended the axis and made a triangle by joining other adjacent vertex to the line such that its angles are 15°,75° and 90°.I found the distance between the centre of square and upper vertex of triangle by using law of sines.And then i found out inertia along upper vertex of...
  34. J

    Energy required to change a sphere's axis of rotation OR pole location

    There is a disaster movie about a global cataclysm that results in Kilimantzaro becoming the north pole or something. Maybe this is plausible in terms of plate tectonics. Or maybe not. But I've got another question, a purely mathematical one: if the Earth were a solid sphere, no plates and such...
  35. S

    I Explanation of spin degrees of freedom with respect to the x axis

    Hey Guys/Gals i understand the general premise of this question and can calculate the solution but i am a bit confused. I am supposed to represent a generic state as a linear combination of the |-,x> , |+,x> basis vectors. However i don't know why, is the question actually asking for the...
  36. C

    Upper axis values through linking with lower axis gnu plot

    I am trying to link the upper axis with the lower axis in gnu plot, that is print out values on the upper axis given a relationship between the upper axis, x2, quantities and the lower axis, x, ones. The relationship between them is x2 = 2*c**2/(2*x**2-c**2) with c=3.1 The following should be...
  37. S

    Finding the y axis on a probability density graph

    I assumed to find it I would need to find the area under the graph. I also assumed that the part under x would cancel out so I would be left with 2b*10=1 if it was, in fact, true that it had to equal to one. So my final answer was (1/10)/2 nm^-1 but the actual answer was 0.0845 nm^-1/2 and I'm...
  38. arcTomato

    Calculating Apparent Semimajor Axis: A Unit Conversion Challenge

    Hello I think this image's calculation is wrong. I cannot convert units(What is arcsec??How convert to pc??) How do you think ??I would like to see your calculation process. I'm so grad if you show.
  39. jk22

    B Should the 'time' axis of a Minkowski diagram be time's imaginary unit?

    Since the metric is euclidean in coordinates ##(ict,x)## it can be drawn in a plane, but if the metric is ##diag(1,-1)##, can both axis still be drawn in a plane ?
  40. D

    Determine the acceleration of the cylinder axis if there is no slip

    So I first wrote the moment of inertia of the cylinder, since it says that it is thin-walled, I think that its moment of inertia is ##I=\eta mR^2##. After that I wrote the sum of torques, I think that there are three forces that cause torque, the two forces of friction, the one caused by the...
  41. P

    Why must the x and y axis be perpendicular?

    Homework Statement I have a conceptual question regarding why the x and y-axis must be perpendicular. Chapter 2 in section 2-1 of Giancoli's Physics states that " The x and y axes are always perpendicular". This chapter is one-dimensional motion and the section is Reference frames and...
  42. mohammed othman

    Force due rotation about axis parallel to centroidal axis

    in the case of a disc rotating about the centroidal axis and having an unbalanced mass we used the formula F(force)=m x r x w^2, where r is the distance from the center to the center, m mass of the unbalanced, w rotational speed in the case of a disc rotating about axis parallel to the...
  43. 6

    MHB What is the linear speed of Santa Fe around the earth's axis in mi/hr

    Santa Fe is approximately 33.88 degrees north of the equator. Given that the Earth's radius at the equator is 3960 mi and the Earth spins around its axis completely in 24 hours, what is the linear speed of Santa Fe around the Earth's axis in mi/hr? I don't know where to start! Thank you so much!
  44. J

    Calculation of resulting force from out of axis Torque

    Homework Statement [/B] Hello, I would like to request some help in solving this mechanics problem. Consider the attached drawing of a solid structure which is pinned to the ground on points A and B. Distances AC=Xa, CB=Xb, CD=H1 and DE=H2 A torque with magnitude M is applied on point E. How do...
  45. K

    A Solving Euler's Principal Axis for Rigid Bodies

    When we solve Euler's differential equations for rigid bodies we find the angular acceleration ##\dot{\boldsymbol\omega}## and then the angular velocity ##\boldsymbol\omega##. Integrating ##\boldsymbol\omega## is less straightforward, so we start from a representation of the attitude, take its...
  46. Justin71

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    Hi, How is the inertial force Fi (acceleration) when the system is vertical. I noted Fi_horizontal=m.a, Ff=mg.μ.cos(Θ) et Fg=mg.sin(Θ) .
  47. opus

    B Vector addition- Positive x axis.

    Please see the attached page to see what I'm talking about. In the top right paragraph, it states to use "the positive direction of the x-axis". It is given that ##θ_2=30°## and it shown visually at the bottom of the page. In the problem it's using -60° and I'm not sure how they're getting that.
  48. E

    I How do three flywheels, one in each axis, behave?

    I have been struggling to visualize how three rotating reaction wheels on bearings and affixed to each other at 90 degree angles, one at each axis (picture the kind of 3-axis reaction devices used in satalites), would behave when torque is applied to the whole assembly. If all three reaction...
  49. R

    Electric Potential on the axis of a truncated cone

    1.Data: We have an truncated cone with a volumentric charge density ρ, and it's uniform. The image show the truncated cone and show some info of the radios. 2. Question. We need to calculate the potential on the vertical axis. note: adding an image of the problem but it's in spanish, hope...
  50. Mmarzipan

    Collision with a ball spinning about its vertical axis

    Homework Statement A ball A is rotating on a table with an angular velocity ω about its vertical axis. An identical ball B collides with the ball A elastically. After collision the ball A starts sliding over the table. The coefficient of friction is µ. Find: 1) the angle α between the angular...
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