Bounded Definition and 537 Threads

In functional analysis, a bounded linear operator is a linear transformation



L
:
X

Y


{\displaystyle L:X\to Y}
between topological vector spaces (TVSs)



X


{\displaystyle X}
and



Y


{\displaystyle Y}
that maps bounded subsets of



X


{\displaystyle X}
to bounded subsets of



Y
.


{\displaystyle Y.}

If



X


{\displaystyle X}
and



Y


{\displaystyle Y}
are normed vector spaces (a special type of TVS), then



L


{\displaystyle L}
is bounded if and only if there exists some



M
>
0


{\displaystyle M>0}
such that for all



x


{\displaystyle x}
in



X
,


{\displaystyle X,}


The smallest such



M
,


{\displaystyle M,}
denoted by




L

,


{\displaystyle \|L\|,}
is called the operator norm of



L
.


{\displaystyle L.}

A linear operator that is sequentially continuous or continuous is a bounded operator and moreover, a linear operator between normed spaces is bounded if and only if it is continuous.
However, a bounded linear operator between more general topological vector spaces is not necessarily continuous.

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  1. B

    Vector Space of Bounded Sequences

    Homework Statement Consider the vector space l_infty(R) of all bounded sequences. Decide whether or not the following norms are defined on l_infty(R) . If they are, verify by axioms. If not, provide counter example. Homework Equations x in l_infty(R); x=(x_n), (i) || ||_# defined by...
  2. B

    Is Boundedness Applicable to Topological Spaces?

    Is there such thing as a bounded topological space? Or does 'boundedness' only apply to metric spaces?
  3. B

    Show set (which is a subset of R^n) is bounded

    Homework Statement Show that D = { (x,y,z) \in \mathbb{R}^{3} | 7x^2+2y^2 \leq 6, x^3+y \leq z \leq x^2y+5y^3} is bounded. Homework Equations Definition of bounded:D \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n} is called bounded if there exists a M > 0 such that D \subseteq \{x \in \mathbb{R}^{n} | ||x|| \leq...
  4. alexmahone

    MHB Find a Bounded, Decreasing $\displaystyle f(x)$

    Find an $\displaystyle f(x)$ such that $\displaystyle \frac{1}{f(x)}$ is defined for all $\displaystyle x$ and is bounded, but $\displaystyle f(x)$ is decreasing.
  5. A

    Bounded continous implies uniformly continuous

    I'm trying to show that continuous f : [a, b] -> R implies f uniformly continuous. f continuous if for all e > 0, x in [a, b], there exists d > 0 such that for all y in [a, b], ¦x - y¦ < d implies ¦f(x) - f(y)¦ < e. f uniformly continuous if for all e > 0, there exists d > 0 such that for...
  6. M

    Continuous not bounded above function

    Homework Statement Let f : R -> R be a continuous function such that f(0) = 0. If S := {f(x) | x in R} is not bounded above, prove that [0, infinity) ⊆ S (that is, S contains all non-negative real numbers). Then find an appropriate value for a in the Intermediate Value theorem...
  7. M

    MHB Solve Bounded $u_t=u_xx$ Let $u_t=u_xx,\,t>0,\,x\in\mathbb R$

    Let $u_t=u_xx,\,t>0,\,x\in\mathbb R$ and $u(x,0)=xe^{-|x|}.$ Show that $|u(x,t)|\le \dfrac K{\sqrt t}$ for all $t>0$ and $x\in\mathbb R$ where $K$ is a constant. So I apply Fourier transform, then $\mathcal F(u_t)=\mathcal F(u_xx)$ then $\dfrac{{\partial \mathcal F(u)(w,t)}}{{\partial t}} = -...
  8. M

    MHB Bounded Function on Set S: Proving $|f(z)|\le1$ for All $z\in S$

    Consider the set $S=\left\{ z\in \mathbb{C}:\text{Re}(z)>0,\text{ }\arg (z)\in \left( -\dfrac{\pi }{4},\dfrac{\pi }{4} \right) \right\},$ and a function $f\in H(S)\cap C(\overline S)$ so that for each $z\in\partial S$ is $|f(z)|\le1$ and for all $z=x+yi\in S$ is $|f(z)|\le e^{\sqrt x}.$ Prove...
  9. S

    Proving Convergence of {S_n/n} for Bounded Sequence {S_n}

    Homework Statement If {S_n} is a sequence whose values lie inside an interval [a,b], prove {S_n/n} is convergent. We don't know Cauchy sequence yet. All we know is the definition of a bounded sequence, and convergence and divergence of sequences. Along with comparison tests and Squeeze...
  10. C

    Prove sequence is bounded above

    Homework Statement Let a_n = 1 + 1/(1*2) + 1/(2*3) + ... + 1/(n*[n+1]). Prove {a_n} is bounded above. Homework Equations 1/(2*3) = 1/2 - 1/3 The Attempt at a Solution I accidentally left my notebook at school and I have no idea how to do this without my class notes. The book...
  11. M

    Proving all derivatives of a function are bounded by another function

    I just ran into this problem and have no idea how to solve it. Basically I'm trying to prove that all orders of derivative of the given function is bounded by the function on the right. I'm pretty sure the inequality is true, but I really have no clue on how to prove it. I thought about using...
  12. T

    Bounded Homework Derivative Answers

    Homework Statement Let f:[-1,1] \times \mathbb{R} \to\mathbb{R} be a function. If f is defined by: (i) f(x,y) = 3\exp(x-y^2) then is the derivative with respect to y bounded? If f is defined by: (ii) f(x,y) = 7\exp(y^2-x) then is the derivative with respect to y bounded...
  13. N

    Show that if X is a bounded random variable, then E(X) exists.

    Homework Statement Show that if X is a bounded random variable, then E(X) exists.Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I am having trouble of finding out where to begin this proof.This is what I got so far: Suppose X is bounded. Then there exists two numbers a and b such that P(X > b)...
  14. K

    Does Relativity Affect Electric Flux Through a Gaussian Surface?

    If I have a spread of electrical charges contained inside a Gaussian surface, and if I cause those electrical charges to move at relativistic speeds, the electric fields of those charges should be subject to relativistic contraction. What happens then to electric flux that cuts through that...
  15. S

    Extending Bounded metric spaces to compact spaces

    Hi Suppose (X,d) is a bounded metric space. Can we extend (X,d) into (X',d') such that (X',d') is compact and d and d' agree on X? ( The reason for asking the question: To prove a theorem in Euclidean space, I found it convenient to first extend the bounded set in question to a compact one (...
  16. K

    Exact value of the are of the region bounded by

    Question: Find the exact value of the are of the region bounded by: x^3, the x-axis and x=1 and x=4 Answer is 3.75 I tried finding the anti derivative so 1/4(x)^4, and therefore I've got 1/4(4)^4 - 1/4, which isn't the correct answer
  17. C

    Rational numbers - bounded subset with no least upper bound

    Homework Statement Give an example of a bounded subset of Q which has no least upper bound in Q. Explain why your answer has this property. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution [1/8, 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4...infinity] is this correct?
  18. G

    Proof that Every Compact Set is Bounded

    I came across this proof and have a question about the bolded portion: Consider the following objection to the bolded: In order for \mathcal{G} to be an open cover of K its sets must contain all of the points of K. The sets of \mathcal{G} are B_r(p) for some fixed p, and so as r gets...
  19. L

    The additive function is bounded

    Hi, If I have an additive function which is f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y), the question is how can we prove that if this function has a limit at each real number then there is a number a greater than zero and M greater than zero such that |f(x)|\leq M, for all x\in[-a,a],
  20. DryRun

    Find area of regions bounded by curve and line

    Homework Statement Find area of regions bounded by x^2 + y^2 = 9, y = 2x, x-axis in the first quadrant The attempt at a solution So, i drew the graph of y against x in my copybook, and circle with origin (0,0), radius = 3 units. The line y = 2x cuts through the circle. Transforming to...
  21. P

    Double integral over a region bounded by an ellipse

    Homework Statement Evaluate. ∫∫D x2 dAxy, bounded by 5x2 + 4xy + y2 = 1 Homework Equations ∫∫D H(x,y) dAxy = ∫∫D H(u,v)\frac{\delta(x,y)}{\delta(u,v)}dAuv The Attempt at a Solution So I understand I'm supposed to find a change of variables to transform the ellipse into a circle...
  22. S

    Can a bounded subsequence have infinitely many convergent subsequences?

    I'm not sure if I am confusing myself or not, but a friend and I were trying to figure this out. Basically, I know that if a sequence is bounded, we are guaranteed at least one convergent subsequences. However, is it possible for a bounded sequence to have infinitely many of such subsequences?
  23. G

    Definitions of integral over a bounded set.

    Hi! I want to learn a course of "general relativity". For this, I've realized that I have to master the differential geometry. So, I've chosen Lee's book called " introduction to smooth manifolds". In the appendix of the book, some required knowledege of integrations on an euclidean space...
  24. E

    Is the maximum wavelength of light bounded by the size of the universe?

    First, is one light wave (or perhaps half wave) possible that stretches across the universe, such that each end of the wave (or half wave) is on opposite sides of the event horizon of the universe, which is the distance light has traveled since the beginning of the universe. Second, is this...
  25. D

    Minimum distance between a point and a bounded line in 3D

    I have a point in 3D specified by its coordinates (x0, y0, z0) I have a line in 3D specified and bounded by its end points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) How do I calculate the minimum distance between the point and the line, keeping in mind that it may not be the perpendicular distance...
  26. D

    Totally Bounded & Completeness

    Homework Statement I haven't been able to find any theorems stating the relationship between a totally bounded space and a complete metric space, i.e., whether totally boundedness implies completeness. (I know that completeness implies totally boundedness though). Is it true that totally...
  27. M

    Converg. Seq. of Functions, Derivatives Bounded, Limit not Differentiable

    Homework Statement Find a sequence of differentiable functions $f_n\colon [a,b]\rightarrow\mathbb(R)$ s.t.: --there exists $M>0$ with $|f_n'(x)|\leq M$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $x\in[a,b]$; --for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, $|f_n(a)|\leq M$; --$(g_n)$ is a convergent subsequence with...
  28. L

    Does bounded derivative always imply uniform continuity?

    I'm working on a problem for my analysis class. Here it is: Let f be differentiable on an open subset S of R. Suppose there exists M > 0 such that for all x in S, |f'(x)| ≤ M, i.e. the derivative is bounded. Show that f is uniformly continuous on S. I'm not too sure that this question is...
  29. E

    Show an operator on L^2(0,\infty) is bounded

    Homework Statement Show that the operator on L^2(0,\infty) defined by g \rightarrow f(x)= \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-xy}g(y)dy is bounded. Homework Equations Operator norm: ||T|| = \sup_{||g||_{L^2}=1}||Tg||_{L^2} The Attempt at a Solution I tried to get a handle on f(x)=...
  30. T

    Finding Max/Min Values on Functions of 3 Variables, Bounded by Ellipsoids

    Homework Statement Find the absolute minimum and maximum of F(x,y,z) = x2 - 2x - y2 + z2 on the ellipsoid G(x,y,z) = x2 + 4y2 + z2 = 4 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I was thinking of trying to solve this by using Lagrange multipliers. So, finding the gradients: Fx = 2x - 2 = Gx...
  31. K

    Do All Bounded Monotone Sequences Converge?

    Homework Statement A bounded monotone sequence converges. Proof for bounded monotone increasing sequence and decreasing sequence. Does both them converges?Homework Equations So, I used the least upper bound and great lower bound to prove increasing sequence and decreasing sequence...
  32. D

    Integrals on arbitrary (bounded) domains

    Homework Statement Let A = \{(x, y, z) \in \mathbb{R}^n : 0 \lt x \leq 1, 0 \lt y \leq 1 - x^2, 0 \lt z \leq x^2 + y\}. Define f : A \rightarrow \mathbb{R} by f(x, y, z) = y for each (x, y, z) \in A. Accept that Fubini's theorem is applicable here. Find \int_A f. Homework Equations Fubini's...
  33. P

    Proving Boundedness of Entire Functions with Harmonic Components

    Hey, I'm trying to prove that uv=>0 is bounded so I can state that an entire function is constant when f = u + iv, when f is entire. I have worked out the rest but I'm struggling to prove that its bounded, Can you say u=>0, v=>0 then u + v => 0, and that bounded from below?
  34. T

    Why Does Monotone Convergence Theorem Confirm Integral Bounds?

    Say f is a non-negative, integrable function over a measurable set E. Suppose \int_{E_k} f\; dm \leq \epsilon for each positive integer k, where E_k = E \cap [-k,k] Then, why is it true that \int_E f\; dm \leq \epsilon \quad ? I know that \bigcup_k E_k = E and intuitively it seems...
  35. D

    Bounded Second Order Differential Equations

    Hello all. I am having a very serious problem. The question states: Find the value(s) of δ such that the solution of the initial-value problem y'' − 4y = sin x; where y(0) = δ and y'(0) = 0 is bounded. I have no problem "solving"...
  36. T

    Is the point P(0,2) in the region bounded below by y=x

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  37. E

    Multivariable: Area of region bounded by a spiral equation

    Homework Statement This is an example taken from the textbook lesson and there's one part I don't understand: Find the area of the region bounded above by the spiral r = pi/(3θ) and below by the polar axis, between r = 1 and r = 2. SOLUTION: Double integral of r(dθ)(dr) with boundaries...
  38. C

    Prove [0,1] is non-empty and bounded above

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  39. L

    How to Prove the Limit of a Product of Functions?

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  40. E

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  41. S

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  42. K

    Show that a uniformly continuous function on a bounded, open interval is bounded

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  43. C

    Finding the Number of Vectors bounded by r, n

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  44. A

    Question related to Riemann sums, sups, and infs of bounded functions

    Can someone give me an example of a bounded function f defined on a closed interval [a,b] such that f does not attain its sup (or inf) on this interval? Obviously, f cannot be continuous, but for whatever reason (stupidity? lack of imagination?) I can't think of an example of a discontinuous...
  45. J

    Is a Real funcion with a Limit Bounded?

    Hi, just a quick question. Let f be real function s.t. the limit of f as x approaches a equals L. Is f bounded? i.e. is it sufficient to assume a function is bounded if it has a limit. Thanks to all who may reply.
  46. D

    If F'(x) is bounded so is F(x)

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  47. K

    Open Bounded subset with non-zero measure boundary

    Homework Statement Let m be the Lebesgue measure on \mathbb R^d , and define the open sets O_n = \{ x \in \mathbb R^d : d(x,E) < \frac1n \} where d(A,B) = \inf\{ |x-y| : x \in A, y \in B \} 1) Find a closed and unbounded set E such that \lim_{n\to\infty} m(O_n) \neq m(E) . 2) Find an...
  48. C

    Positive definite matrix bounded below

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  49. C

    Area bounded by curve: wrong answer?

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  50. J

    Confused by separate definitions of sets which are bounded above

    I have been consulting different sources of analysis notes. My confusion comes from these two definitions \begin{defn} Let S be a non-empty subset of $\mathbb{R}$. \begin{enumerate} \item $S$ is Bounded above $ \Longleftrightarrow\exists\,M > 0$ s.t. $\forall\, x\in S$, $x\leq M$...
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