Cell is a multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture that combines a general-purpose PowerPC core of modest performance with streamlined coprocessing elements which greatly accelerate multimedia and vector processing applications, as well as many other forms of dedicated computation.It was developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM, an alliance known as "STI". The architectural design and first implementation were carried out at the STI Design Center in Austin, Texas over a four-year period beginning March 2001 on a budget reported by Sony as approaching US$400 million. Cell is shorthand for Cell Broadband Engine Architecture, commonly abbreviated CBEA in full or Cell BE in part.
The first major commercial application of Cell was in Sony's PlayStation 3 game console, released in 2006. In May 2008, the Cell-based IBM Roadrunner supercomputer became the first TOP500 LINPACK sustained 1.0 petaflops system. Mercury Computer Systems also developed designs based on the Cell.
The Cell architecture includes a memory coherence architecture that emphasizes power efficiency, prioritizes bandwidth over low latency, and favors peak computational throughput over simplicity of program code. For these reasons, Cell is widely regarded as a challenging environment for software development. IBM provides a Linux-based development platform to help developers program for Cell chips.
Homework Statement
Pt l H2 (1atm) l HBr (1x10-4M) ll CuBr l Cu = 0.599 V at 298K
i) determine the overall cell reation and calculate the Ksp of CuBr at 298K
ii) What would be the effect on EMF if pressure of H2 increases from 1atm to 2atm. Why?
Homework Equations
CuBr = Cu+ x Br-...
Hi! I'm currently starting to work with supercapacitors performing cyclic voltammetry of carbon electrodes in 2 and 3 electrodes cell.
Since the electrolyte is H2SO4 1M, the scan range is 0.0V to 0.8V. When using the 3-electrodes cell (RE: Ag/AgCl, CE: Pt) I can clearly observe a broad redox...
Very often the principles of faraday cage are extended to non electrostatic situations, i.e. situations involving time varying electric and magnetic fields. This means that the interiors of a metallic shell should be impervious to external time varying electric and magnetic fields.
However, I...
Hello,
I have Omega made load cell with 150g capacity,Rated output 2mV/V, Excitation 10V.How I can convert voltage values to the force (Newtons)?When no force applied meter shows 0,06V and then i pressing with finger the max value I get is 0.7V.So how I can converts those volts to Newtons now?
Homework Statement
The research notes from an x-ray diffraction experiment were damaged and information was lost. The wavelength of the x-rays used in the experiment, and measurements of the three smallest Bragg angles (θ) from the sample were all that remained: they were 0.71Å, 10.1°, 14.4°...
Hello Forum,
if we take a silicon solar cell, the open circuit voltage is about 0.5V.
the current increases as the solar cell area and illumination increases.
But the 0.5 V output voltage does not change as the area and illumination level vary...Why?
It must have something to do with...
Homework Statement
I've constructed a 5°x5° latitude/longitude cell, from 40-45° N and 85-90°W. This puts the center somewhere near the southern tip of Lake Michigan. I'm trying to find the average distance from the center of that cell (42.5°N, 87.5°W) to any other point in that cell...
Homework Statement
Suggest a hypothesis to explain why algal and plant cells have cell walls. Suppose that mutant individuals from each group lacked a cell wall. How could you use these individuals to test your hypothesis?
Homework Equations
There aren't really...
The Attempt at...
Homework Statement
You want to create a tissue engineered blood vessel using smooth muscle cells. Your plan is to isolate smooth muscle cells from discarded human tissue obtained from heart surgery and grow them for a long time to create cells own ECM. Smooth muscle cells have enormous...
LOOKING FOR WEIGHT/MEASUREMENT DEVICE: DOES ANYONE HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS?
Please bear with me. I think the best way to present this is to post my RFQ and that will, I hope, explain what I am looking for. AN ALTERNATIVE TO A NORMAL LOAD CELL, WHICH WOULD HOPEFULLY BE MUCH CHEAPER, WOULD BE...
Homework Statement
Find the translation vectors of the primitive cell. The figures are provided.
Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution
I found these are more difficult than what I am learning from Kittel. I did number 1, but not sure if it is correct. Answer or hint for any of the...
I have been trying to understand how PV cells work in solar panels and have become a bit confused, here is what I have read so far:
The PV cell is basically a PN junction diode with a conductive connection on the P and N material between this connection there is a load, a lamp for example...
Homework Statement
The current-voltage characteristic of a photovoltaic energy converter (solar cell) shown in the attached figure can be approximated by:
i = I_1(e^{v/V_{TH}} - 1) - I_2
where the first term characterizes the diode in the dark and I2 is a term that depends on light...
Homework Statement
A customer is choosing between two cellular phone plans.
One plan has a monthly fee of $50 for an allowance of
500 minutes per month. If the customer uses more than
500 minutes, the charge is $0.35 per additional minute used.
The other plan has a monthly fee of...
Author: Bruce Alberts
Title: Molecular Biology of the Cell
Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0815341059/?tag=pfamazon01-20
Prerequisities:
Contents:
Author: Bruce Alberts (Author), Dennis Bray (Author), Karen Hopkin (Author), Alexander Johnson (Author), Julian Lewis (Author), Martin Raff (Author), Keith Roberts (Author), Peter Walter (Author)
Title: Essential Cell Biology
Amazon Link...
Hi, I have a standard cell which I would like to rotate. I would like to rotate it in such a way such that when I define some plane in the unrotated cell [hkl] that this same plane corresponds to the [001] plane in the rotated cell. I essentially want to keep the same unit cell, just rotate the...
Farady's law are derived for electrolysis. My question is the same rule can be applied in the analysis of electrochemical cell? I think those two cell (electrolytic and electrochemical) are just opposite functional to each other.
hello
i got to ask if the center of symmetry is specific to a unit cell or a pattern or system of specific unit cell? I mean is Cubic (Bravis Lattice) is Centro symmetric or the structures formed by it. As an example, Tetragonal unit cell appears centro-symmetric but forming structures like...
Here,I have a pre-defined function called 'intersections(x,...) that finds the intersections between 2 functions of x.Now,for each iteration of the loop,I get a set of (x,y1) and (x,y2) values.
I want to store them in an array without losing the previous iteration's values. So,I figured I'd use...
Homework Statement
Hi,
So I have this problem regarding a photovoltaic cell I found part 1 easy and part 2 wasn't actually too bad either but I couldn't finish the calculation. I managed to get to the stage where I have an integral , the problem is that the upper limit is infinity and I'm...
I asked this question in Yahoo Answers but I didn't think that the responses were very good
This is just for my own knowledge
I wanted to know if let's say for instance that I had a rotary device, clamp right on the center of mass of my phone and it spun rapidly... could the phone spin so...
Hi all, one last question for today - Given steam reforming of natural gas to generate hydrogen, what is the major difficulty with it with respect to most fuel cells? Thank you,
Hi, Given that the band-gap of a silicon PV cell is 1.1 eV, what is the maximum wavelength of solar energy (minimum frequency) required forming an electron-hole pair (EHP)?
Can anyone help me explain the elements of the fuel cell polarization curve. Please be sure to include Etn, Er, and the various polarizations. I am interested by the use of thermodynamics as well... Thank you-
I would like to understand exactly what happens when a PN doped crystalline silicon cell is shaded.Lets assume we have ten solar cells wired together in a series string.That there is plenty of sunlight on the first nine cells but cell ten is completely shaded.Lets say the forward bias of each...
Homework Statement
Calculate standard potential for a Cu2+ 0.5M, Zn2+ 0.5M cell.Homework Equations
Ecell = E0cell - (RT/nF)lnQThe Attempt at a Solution
So, I know at standard conditions it would simply be
Ecell = 0.340 - (-0.763)
Ecell = 1.103
It's the concentrations that are confusing me. If...
Hello all.
As the title has informed you, I wish to make an water electrolysis cell that can not only produce hydrogen, but also store it completely separate from the oxygen (Again, I promise you, it is not for fuel.
Now, your probably wondering why I don't just make the typical...
Hello
Please help me with this.
Cathode has negative charge, anode has positive charge. Electrons travel from anode to cathode.
Question 1: why is anode positive and attracts anions? How can the charge build up on this electrode if electrons are constantly flowing out of this electrode...
In statistical mechanics, nearly all the textbooks say that the volume of the smallest cell in the phase space of a N-particle system is h^{rN} where h is the Planck Constant, r is the degree of freedom.
Also these books say that this comes from the uncertainty principle. However, the...
Hi everyone, I was just wondering how I would choose which species in an electrolytic cell to use as the cathode and which to use as the anode.
For example, for aqueous aluminum chloride (inert electrodes), H2O (-0.83V) and H2O (+1.23V) will be used as the anode and cathode for the half...
Greetings everyone,
I am taking a course on elementary condensed matter physics and our textbook is "Introduction to Solid State Physics" by Charles Kittel. I have read the crystal structure from 4 books; however, I am still confused about the definitions such as unit cell, primitive vector and...
I'm trying to learn more about how cell phones operate. Right now I don't understand the power involved in the signal between the cell site and mobile phone. I've read that the average cell phone has a signal strength that ranges in between -80dBm and -120dBm. I've also read that cell phones...
I've heard fuel cells being called energy storage devices. However, unlike batteries, they only convert energy. They don't store anything unless you consider the brief moment of converting chemical energy to electrical energy storage time? Are there fuel cell types that store let's say hydrogen...
Hi. I'm doing research relating to solar cells and came about the topic related to effective masses. The wiki article stated how effective mass (solid state materials) influences the efficiency of solar cells, but doing more research I couldn't find any solid examples of an effective mass vs...
So today my brother and I were playing with a mini solar cell that I just got, watching the voltage change with a multimeter, and seeing how even an LED would produce about .5 V in the cell, when he posed a question:
If you were to take a solar cell (i.e. photodiode) capable of producing...
Homework Statement
During an action potential, Na + ions move into the cell at a rate of about 3 x 10^-7 mol / m^2 s. How much power must be produced by the "active Na+ pumping" system to produce this flow against a + 30 mv potential difference? Assume that the axon is 40cm long and 30 mu m...
Hi! My brother has a small micro-heater that runs on a single AA battery. The battery life tends to be rather short so we started using rechargeable batteries. The rechargeable batteries are marked as 2000mAh and since they're AA and Nickel-metal Hydride I'm guessing they operate at 1.25v...
I'm a biology dilettante who is trying to get a correct picture of the cell. From this web page http://www.arcfn.com/2011/07/cells-are-very-fast-and-crowded-places.html one gets a very chaotic impression. Small molecules are racing around with 250 miles per hour.
Ken Shirrif: "In addition, a...
hello PF community
i'm looking for help in understanding the classification and observed behaviour of some DIY voltaic (?) cells and their associated circuits with which I've been tinkering for a couple of years
the cell operation seems to belong somewhere between galvanic and the original...
I have a very small solar cell that outputs 4 volts (open circuit) and 50 μA (short circuit). I'm trying to charge a 0.33 F capacitor that is rated for 5 volts. I'm looking to understand the charging relationship.
1. What equations govern the charging of this capacitor? I'm already aware of...
I don't understand this idea. For example we have cubic crystal which has a lot of unit cells. We define spin variable of center of cell like S_c. And spin variable of nearest neighbour cells with S_{c+r}. So the cell hamiltonian is...
Very cool! I just started using my new femtocell connection from AT&T. It provides a cell connection for a range of about 10 meters, using an internet connection. It seems to work great. The connection is solid with 5 bars, and the sound quality is excellent.
I have been playing dueling phones...
Hi, I want to continue my study in physics, but i have to find topics for research proposal, and I need your help. I hope you can give me the news about the newest research in solar cell? the material or new method? thanks for your help...:smile:
A Galvanic Cell is given. Write its Anode and Cathode half reactions, complete cell reaction and thus determine if the given is concentration cell.
Pt|O_2(1\; atm)|NaO\! H(10^{-3}M)||H_2SO_4(0.5M)|O_2(1\;atm)|Pt
I know that at anode, Oxygen will get oxidised, maybe from NaOH solution and...
I've recently gained an interest in solar cells and it's development. I know the basic working principle of solar cells, but other than that I'm quite clueless about the field.
I was wondering, what is the process of increasing solar cell efficiency like? Are there analytical ways of...
Recently I saw an article about sled dogs burning 10,000 calories in a day. Even when adjusted for mass, this is significantly more energy than a human athlete might use.
This got me thinking: how much energy do bacteria use in a day? Trees? Fungi? Other animals?
I can think of lots of...
Homework Statement
Knowing that sodium has a BCC structure, a density of 970 kg/m^3 and each atom has an atomic mass of 22.98 amu, determine the length of the primitive cell.
Homework Equations
Not sure.
The Attempt at a Solution
I calculated how many atoms of Na there is in 1m^3...