Fluid Definition and 1000 Threads

FLUID (Fast Light User Interface Designer) is a graphical editor and GUI builder that is used to produce FLTK source code. FLUID edits and saves its state in text .fl files, which can be edited in a text editor for finer control over display and behavior.After designing the application, FLUID compiles the .fl file into a .cxx file, which defines all the objects from the .fl file, and an .h file, which declares all the global ones. FLUID also supports localization of label strings using message files and the GNU gettext or POSIX catgets interfaces.

A simple program can be made by putting all non-interface code (including a main function) into the .fl file, thus making the .cxx file a single source file to compile. Most programs are more complex than this, so other .cxx files can be written that call the FLUID functions. These .cxx files must #include the .h file, or they can #include the .cxx file so it still appears to be a single source file.
Normally the FLUID file defines one or more functions or classes, which output C++ code. Each function defines one or more FLTK windows, and all the widgets that go inside those windows.
Widgets created by FLUID are "named", "complex named", or "unnamed". A named widget has a legal C++ variable identifier as its name (i.e. only alphanumeric and underscore), and is defined by a global variable or class member that will point at the widget after the function defining it is called. A complex named object has punctuation such as '.' or '->' or any other symbols in its name. In this case, FLUID assigns a pointer to the widget to the name, but does not attempt to declare it. This can be used to get the widgets into structures. An unnamed widget has a blank name and no pointer is stored.
Widgets may either call a named callback function that one writes in another source file, or one can supply a small piece of C++ source and FLUID will write a private callback function into the .cxx file.

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  1. sandmanvgc

    Force Exerted by fluid on a Bend, an Enlargement, or a Contraction

    My attempt to try and convert book equation to FE manual equation in 3rd pic Fx = QpV1 + P1A1 - QpV2Cosa - P2A2Cosa Fx = P1A1 - P2A2Cosa+ Qp(V2Cosa +V1) P1A1 - P2A2Cos(a) - Fx = -Qp(V2Cosa +V1)
  2. kmot

    Fluid mechanics - Linearized shallow water equations

    Hi, In a text describing solution to linearized shallow water equations, I am not able to move forward. It's a 1 dimensional shallow water setup. There is a steady state (velocity) and (height of free surface). On top of this steady state there are u' and h' as disturbances. The goal is to...
  3. T

    Fluid flow around a wind turbine blade -- help please

    I have to estimate the Reynolds number of the fluid flowing around a blade but I only have one detail: the length of the blade is 0.66m. I have no idea how to do it and I got to submit the assignment in a week, I am desperate for help here.
  4. E

    B How to derive the continuity equation for a perfect fluid?

    Stress tensor for the fluid is ##T_{ab} = \rho u_a u_b + P(\eta_{ab} + u_a u_b)##, whilst the equation of motion (assuming the system is isolated) is given by ##\partial^a T_{ab} = 0##. So I tried$$\begin{align*} \partial^a T_{ab} &= \partial^a \rho u_a u_b + \partial^a P(\eta_{ab} + u_a u_b)...
  5. B

    Fluid velocity and pipe diameter using the continuity equation

    Hi, Can anyone let me know if I had done this Q correctly? Thanks for any help!
  6. Hamiltonian

    Doubt related to buoyant force and fluid thrust force

    (this problem is slightly modified from the original problem.) There is a contact force(friction and normal force) between the wedge and the walls of the container and there is a fluid thrust acting on the side of the wedge in contact with the fluid( this force is normal to the slanted surface...
  7. WhiteWolf98

    Calculating Discharge Rate of Fluid in Circular Area

    This is actually right at the start of another derivation, but I can't understand how the author gets the formula for ##q##. So the discharge per unit thickness is the circumference of the circle, multiplied by the velocity at that point (at ##r##)? I thought the formula for flow rate was...
  8. B

    Finding specific weight of unknown fluid in a manometer

    Hey everyone! Here is the problem I have been tackling but did not end up with the correct answer The extra red arrows I have labelled in myself and called these distances h1,h2 and h3. I assumed the pressure to be the same at levels A & B, hence i have established expressions for both of...
  9. person123

    Inertial Force in Fluid Mechanics

    According to one explanation, the left hand acceleration terms of Navier Stokes equations are the called the inertial terms. If you were to balance forces on the fluid particle, they would have to be equal and opposite to the forces on the right hand side (pressure gradient, viscous, and body)...
  10. notaphysicsmajor79

    Brain function & bipolar: fluid volume & speed of information in tubes

    This is a long post with limited amount of physics in it (but it is a physics question, so hopefully it is allowed). I am a scientist but trained as an ecologist (PhD) and despite my long interest in physics, my knowledge of it remains rather rudimentary. Apologies for that, in advance. I am...
  11. Hiero

    Bernoulli’s equation for a rotating fluid

    Consider a cylindrical container filled with an ideal fluid. Let it rotate at a constant angular speed (about the symmetry axis which is oriented vertically) and let the fluid be in the steady state. Lets just talk about a horizontal slice so that the gravitational potential is constant. The...
  12. LCSphysicist

    Oscillations with fluid and pendulum

    That's a good question, i am not sure how the water in liquid state will influence in the motion, but i imagine that can not exert any torque, i would say in the first case: Hollow sphere inertia moment: 2mr²/3 + ml² (2mr²/3 + ml²)θ'' = -mglθ (1) In the second case, otherwise, we will have...
  13. Rahulx084

    Some questions about Friction in fluid flow

    I have few conceptual doubts in fluid mechanics. Here is the one I will ask first. I want to understand the force direction acting on the solid liq interface during fluid flow, Let's say a fluid is flowing in a pipe. Now the fluid applies a shear stress at the walls of pipe in the direction of...
  14. person123

    Is Turbulence Necessary for Lift on a Wing?

    For the wing of a plane, as an example, I think that the circulation around the wing due to faster flow on the top is balanced by the circulation of a vortex which is formed off of the tail. Since the greater speed on the top is necessary for the lift, would that also mean the turbulent flow...
  15. A

    I Frcf= reactive centrifugal force...Frcf= -mv2/R

    Pressure gradient normal to the local flow direction balance the centrifugal force associated with the curvature of flow.. Which centrifugal force inertial or "reactive" centrifugal force?
  16. A

    A What are the forces acting on an air particle along a fluid streamline curve?

    What forces act at air particle at curved streamline, looking from inertial and non-inertial frame of reference? (show free body diagram)
  17. Tymofei

    Pressure Differential in Fluid Dynamics: Why More on the '+s' Side?

    Here i added a page from my fluid dynamics book where it shows particle model for deriving the equation. My question is why pressure is more at stream side aka 'positive "s" direction'.I would expected more pressure on the other side because for example when you trying to push a rigid object or...
  18. loophole

    Water deformation subjected to ultrasound waves

    Hello everyone, in one of my projects I am dealing with the following problem: We have a tank filled of water. If we assumed that a focused ultrasond beam hit the water perpendicularly to the surface. How can I calculate the displacement of the water surface? In particular, I am interested in...
  19. T

    Understanding forces acting on a pipe bend when fluid is passing through

    Hello all I am trying to understand the forces that are acting on a pipe bend when a fluid is passing through it. I have been given the following diagram:- The bit i cannot get my head around is why does P2A2 point the way it does i.e. down towards the left shouldn't is point the opposite...
  20. person123

    I Boundary Conditions For Modelling of a Fluid Using Euler's Equations

    Hi! I want to use Euler's equations to model a 2 dimensional, incompressible, non-viscous fluid under steady flow (essentially the simplest case I can think of). I'm trying to use the finite difference method and convert the differential equations into matrices to be solved using MATLAB. I set...
  21. Adesh

    How does a pressure distribution keep the fluid from moving?

    Let’s say we have a unit volume of some fluid in a column on the Earth surface. Let ##\mathbf F## be the gravitational force that acts on the unit volume of the fluid. Consider a small volume element ##\Delta \tau## in the fluid and let’s assume it to be a cuboid with dimensions ##\Delta x##...
  22. theudster

    Effects of hypersonic speed on the behaviour of normal shocks

    I am learning about hypersonic flow now and there seems to be a lot of discussion about the effects on oblique shock as the Mach tends to be very large. I was wondering what happens to the normal shock as the Mach number tends to be high and I can't seem to find anything about it. Is it because...
  23. A

    A How are the equations of continuity derived in 1D?

    In Landau-Lifshitz Volume 6 Fluid-Mechanics the following problem is given Where the equation of continuity is given earlier:As is Euler's equation:And the equation of continuity for entropy:I don't understand how this conclusion was reached. I can understand the derivation for the equation of...
  24. R

    Flow of a Non Viscous Fluid Through this Nozzle

    My first post here! I have calculated everything i need, except the thickness of the second layer dZ*, therefore i can't solve V3/V2=(R2ˇ2)/(R3ˇ2) Trying for days now, i would appreciate any help.
  25. S

    Fluid Mechanics: Fluid Transfer Between Two Reservoirs at Different Heights

    A reservoir supply tunnel transfers water from a high level storage reservoir via a 200mm diameter pipe to a lower intermediate reservoir. The total height difference between the free surfaces of each reservoir is 76 m. The pipe is 700 m long and the coefficient of friction, Cf is 0.009. The...
  26. M

    Computational Fluid Dynamics and refining the mesh

    Hi PF! I'm running a two-phase simulation, which takes a long time to run. The simulation is simply a partially filled tank being drained in zero gravity, and the tank is a little smaller than a mailbox (~ 160 X 40 X 40 mm). Before running the simulation I would like to know if my mesh is...
  27. Saptarshi Sarkar

    EOM of simple pendulum submerged in a fluid

    The question :- My attempt :- The confusion that I am having is that to get the required form of the equation of motion, I had to approximate ##\theta## to be small to get ##x=l\theta## so that I could get the acceleration and the velocity. But, I had to leave the ##sin(\theta)## in the...
  28. Amitayas Banerjee

    How does water rise along a glass plate? (surface tension question)

    So, I was studying about general properties of matter and topics like surface tension. I came across the phenomenon of water rising along a glass plate like in the picture. I looked for some mathematical interpretation of this on the internet and in some books. [![enter image description...
  29. D

    Fluid dynamics and incompressible fluids

    Hi sorry about the way I've posted I'm new to this site. Anyway basically I've been set this question which should be attached to this post, I have attempted to do this question but I'm having trouble in forming an equation in the first place. I'm unsure where to start, I understand I need to...
  30. Parkerrhees

    Electromagnetic fluid acceleration as effective rocket propulsion?

    Let me preface this by saying I have no background in physics or any of the above other than hours and hours of reading. Could someone explain why (if a method was developed) we couldn't use EFA as a thrust system for a rocket? My reasoning is instead of using fuel to fight gravity and push...
  31. Adesh

    Classical I need some self-contained introductory books on Fluid Mechanics

    By Fluid Mechanics I mean the mechanics of fluids, both at rest and in motion. I'm unable to find introductory books on Fluid Mechanics which contains everything in itself, for example I downloaded Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics by Munson, Young, Okiishi, Huebsch and I don't know why but I...
  32. tahskanaij

    B Do fluid oscillation characteristics depend on the viscosity of a fluid?

    This is my first thread here, so let me know if I didn't adhere to a format i was to follow. I'm in the middle of a project depicting the change that an oscillation of fluid inside a drinking straw faces depending on the viscosity of the liquid. For reference, this is exactly the same example...
  33. Robert DeVries

    Trouble with fluid thermodynamics and nuclear thermal rockets

    Summary:: In need of help determining the exhaust velocity of a rocket nozzle given temperature and propellant molar mass Greetings and salutations! My name is Robert DeVries, world builder extraordinaire. I have come with questions in search of answers. So for the last few days I've been...
  34. O

    I Force on a rigid body inside a liquid flow

    Hi, I am trying to find out Force on a rigid body when it is completely inside a fluid with density p, i.e. the body is completely drowned in the liquid and then another liquid is pushed into the container with different density 'r' (such than r > p). Thanks.
  35. A

    A Continuity Equation for fluid in a curved spacetime

    The current of fluid is the vector J^{\nu}. In free-falling laboratory due to Equivalence principle holds the know Continuity Equation J^{\nu}_{, \nu}=0, where the ordinary 4-divergence is used. Latter equation was derived in Minkowski spacetime, thus the Christoffel Symbols are all zero for...
  36. ramadhankd

    Can We Design a Tube to Resist Fluid Flow?

    Hello everyone, I want to ask something. Can we design a tube that can completely resist the flow of a fluid? Maybe using either viscosity or surface tension approach? Thanks
  37. KingOfDirewolves

    Intro Physics Which Fluid Mechanics Textbook is Best for High School Students?

    Can anyone suggest me a Fluid Mechanics textbook? I am currently in High School in my Junior Year. I am looking for a entry-level textbook so I will be able to solve I.E. Irodov's Hydrodynamics section. (My Mathematics is quite strong)
  38. harsh22902

    Surface Tension and Capillary Rise

    According to this definition I am unable to understand why does surface tension acts tangentially to surface of contact of liquid and capillary tube. And is the force of surface tension balancing the adhesive forces which lead to capillary rise OR it is the reason behind the capillary rise?
  39. D

    Best way to learn fluid mechanics while in high school

    Hi, I am a high school student doing a project on fluid dynamics and need to understand the relevant maths so that I can understand how to apply the mathematics of fluid flow (particularly air flow around a cylinder). I have a basic calculus understanding and need to understand the navier...
  40. L

    How do I calculate the density of a super critical fluid?

    How do I calculate the density of a supercritical fluid? If I have 100 Litres of Xenon at 23°C and 150bar, What will the Xenon in the tank weigh? The phase diagram is here https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/xenon
  41. maistral

    2D advection-dispersion velocity component for fluid flow in a pipe

    Pardon if the answers to my questions are obvious, because as usual I am trying to decipher everything on my own (as the material has not been taught to us quite well; then again it's graduate school). I just need someone to reassure me that I am understanding this correctly. Say for example I...
  42. T

    Calculating Fluid Flow: Help with Q, A1, A2, Delta h, g & C

    Hello all I was hooping someone could help shed some light on the following:- I have the equation shown below: This equation relates to flow rates of fluids. I know:- Q = flow rate A1 & A2 = Area Delta h = Difference in Head Loss g = Gravity But what does C relate to or even mean? Can...
  43. maistral

    Ergun equation for beds + rising fluid + potential energy

    I am quite familiar with the Ergun equation's formulation. My question is, do I need to subtract the potential term ΔP/Δz = -ρg/gc after the Ergun equation's own ΔP/Δz , assuming that the fluid is to be pumped upward, from the bottom of the bed to the top of the bed? I was thinking it should be...
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