Ice Definition and 980 Threads

Ice is water frozen into a solid state. Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish-white color.
In the Solar System, ice is abundant and occurs naturally from as close to the Sun as Mercury to as far away as the Oort cloud objects. Beyond the Solar System, it occurs as interstellar ice. It is abundant on Earth's surface – particularly in the polar regions and above the snow line – and, as a common form of precipitation and deposition, plays a key role in Earth's water cycle and climate. It falls as snowflakes and hail or occurs as frost, icicles or ice spikes and aggregates from snow as glaciers and ice sheets.
Ice exhibits at least eighteen phases (packing geometries), depending on temperature and pressure. When water is cooled rapidly (quenching), up to three types of amorphous ice can form depending on its history of pressure and temperature. When cooled slowly, correlated proton tunneling occurs below −253.15 °C (20 K, −423.67 °F) giving rise to macroscopic quantum phenomena. Virtually all ice on Earth's surface and in its atmosphere is of a hexagonal crystalline structure denoted as ice Ih (spoken as "ice one h") with minute traces of cubic ice, denoted as ice Ic and, more recently found, Ice VII inclusions in diamonds. The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0 °C (273.15 K, 32 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure. It may also be deposited directly by water vapor, as happens in the formation of frost. The transition from ice to water is melting and from ice directly to water vapor is sublimation.
Ice is used in a variety of ways, including for cooling, for winter sports, and ice sculpting.

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  1. T

    Thermodynamics and ice melting.

    [SOLVED] Thermodynamics and ice melting. Homework Statement An open container holds ice of mass 0.585 kg at a temperature of -13.3 *C. The mass of the container can be ignored. Heat is supplied to the container at the constant rate of 800 J/min. The specific heat of ice to is 2100 J/Kgand...
  2. B

    Melting Ice Cube: Time Needed for 3-Ton Ice Cube with Golden Bars

    Help...melting ice cube. Homework Statement How much time is needed for an ice cube ((1.5x1.5x1.5)m, 3tons of mass with two golden bars within an ice cube to melt. Average temerature of the month is 6.2 ˙C Thank you very much!
  3. D

    Investigating How Water Volume Affects Ice Melting Rate

    Aim: How does the volume of water at a given temperature affect the amount of ice that can melt in it? I did a lab experiment. I put ice in different volumes of water and waited for 5minutes. I measured the amount of ice melted and the final temperature of water. RESULT: (starting...
  4. V

    Charges on Faraday ice bucket like conductors

    Hi, I have problems with charge distributions of buckets and other conductors which has a cavity. If there is experiments, photos, detailed examples about this kind of charges then glad to learn the links in net. Suppose have a conductor like Faraday ice bucket. And tied two un-charged...
  5. K

    How Many Grams of Ice Will Melt When Iron Meets Ice?

    [SOLVED] Thermo Energy. Iron + Ice Homework Statement A 50-g chunk of 80 degree C iron is dropped into a cavity in a very large block of ice at 0 degrees C. How many grams of ice will melt? (The specific heat capacity of iron is .11 cal/g*C)Homework Equations Q = cmdeltaT Quantity of heat =...
  6. P

    Calculating Minimum Mass of Ice to Make an Object Float

    Hi. My physics knowledge is very limited, but I know a decent amount. I would greatly appreciate it if you could explain in as much detail as you can. Thanks. That said. Imagine you have a container of water in excess. You have a mass M of ice floating on top of the water. Tied to the ice...
  7. M

    How Does the Coriolis Force Affect a Puck's Motion on Earth?

    Show that the Coriolis force makes the puck move in a circle as seen in Earth's rotating frame I need help setting this up! Homework Equations -2m\varpix v The Attempt at a Solution So far i have a drawing The Earth on an xyz axis, z up, y across, and x in an out of paper. the puck is on...
  8. I

    Calculating Speed in a Tug-of-War on Ice

    James and Ramon are standing 20.0 m apart on the slippery surface of a frozen pond. Ramon has mass 60.0 kg and James has mass 90.0 kg. Ramon pulls on the rope to give himself a speed of 0.70 m/s. What is James's speed? From what I understand, since there is an external force due to Ramon's...
  9. K

    Why did the ice pieces stick together in water?

    Hey check this out: I put 3pieces of ice in a glass and then put water. I left the glass alone for about 5minutes. When i came back i realized that those 3 pieces of ices were a bit sicked one another. So what should be the scientific explanation?
  10. L

    Conservation of energy of a block of ice

    Well... It is first first time on the Physics Forums, and I'm stuck on this problem: 1. A 2.5 kg block of ice at a temperature of 0.0 °C and an initial speed of 5.7 m/s slides across a level floor. if 3.3 × 10^5 J are required to melt 1.0 kg of ice, how much ice melts, assuming that the...
  11. H

    Change in Entropy of Ice Cube-Lake System

    A 10g ice cube at -10C is placed in a lake whose temp is 15C, calculate the change in entropy of the cube-lake system as the ice comes to thermal equilibrium with the lake. specific heat of ice is 2220 J/KgK Homework Equations Q(released)=Q(absorbed) U=Q-W S=Q/T L(f)water=333kJ/kg...
  12. M

    Water and Ice heat transfer equilibrium

    Homework Statement A 300 cm3 glass is filled with 120 g of ice at 0°C and 210 g of water at 25°C. (a) Characterize the content of the glass after equilibrium has been reached. Neglect heat transfer to and from the environment. Find: mass of water? mass of ice...
  13. C

    Ice sticking to the mould problem.

    Hi, having a problem with the ice sticking to the mould. I have to use alginate for the mould and when the water freezes, so does the alginate.The moulds are part of my art project and they take amazing detail. I don't know whether I'm making sense here but is it possible to use something in...
  14. M

    Ice Calorimetry: Determine DeltaH for Ca + HCl Rxn

    Is there anybody that can tell me if I'm doing this question right? Metallic Ca reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following equation: Ca(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ---> 2 CaCl2 (aq) + H2(g) The enthalpy change associated with this reaction can be determined with an ice calorimeter. If...
  15. S

    Location of Ice Shield and Heat Shield in Relation to Fuel Lines on Boeing 777

    Where are the in relation to the fuel lines on a Boeing 777
  16. L

    Velocity Of The Ice As It Hits The Ground?

    The John Hancock Center In Chicago Is The Tallest Building In The United States In Which There Are Residential Apartments. The Hancock Center Is 343m Tall. Suppose A Resident Accidentally Causes A Chunk Of Ice To Fall From The Roof. What Would Be The Velocity Of The Ice As It Hits The Ground...
  17. M

    Ice displacing water question, - really bad

    ice displacing water question, --need help really bad Homework Statement A rectangular block of ice 6 m on each side and 1.1 m thick floats in seawater. The density of the seawater is 1025 kg/m3. The density of ice is 917 kg/m3. How high does the top of the ice block float above the water...
  18. Z

    Calculating Heat & Work Done in Ice to Vapour System

    I realize that there has been a post recently concerning this sort of thing but i think it went a bit off topic for me to follow. :) The question is Consider a bowl containing 1 mol of ice at a temperature of -10C and atmospheric pressure. The sample is heated very slowly to 115C. Split the...
  19. B

    Find Thermal Efficiency & Mean Effective Pressure in Dual Cycle Engine

    ice as in internal combustion engine, sorry for confusion Homework Statement I'm given an engine operating on the dual cycle and asked to find the thermal efficiency and the mean effective pressure. the compression ratio is 18:1, the temperature at the start of the compression 300K and the...
  20. 5

    Exhaust back pressure on a 4 stroke ICE?

    Would someone explain to me why back pressure is not needed on a 4-stroke engine and what exactly is exhaust back pressure? Thanks guys and gals.
  21. C

    Why does a hot or warm ice cube tray freeze quicker than one at 33*F?

    I have the answer, it is because the refrigerator is not in freeizng mode when the cold ice cube tray is placed inside. When the warm tray of water is placed inside then the temperature lowers considerably and the thermostat switches the freezer into freezer mode. A common complication I...
  22. A

    Ice Cream Cone Challenges (New)

    Suppose you wanted to make an ice cream cone that would hold as much ice cream as possible (do not assume ice cream comes in spheres). Challenge I Cut a wedge from a circle and remove it. From the remaining piece of the circle into a cone. Find the angle of the wedge that produces the cone...
  23. L

    Calculating Power of Melting Ice with Thermoelectric Heater/Cooler

    Homework Statement I'm trying to calculate the power required to melt a 57.65g mass of ice, using what my professor calls a "thermoelectric heater and cooler consisting of many thermocouples" (I think its really called a Thermopile, but I havn't heard him use the term.) I took...
  24. X

    Melting Ice with a Carnot Engine

    Homework Statement A Carnot heat engine uses a hot reservoir consisting of a large amount of boiling water and a cold reservoir consisting of a large tub of ice and water. In 5 minutes of operation of the engine, the heat rejected by the engine melts a mass of ice equal to 3.50×10−2 kg ...
  25. V

    Melting Ice with a Carnot Engine

    Homework Statement A Carnot heat engine uses a hot reservoir consisting of a large amount of boiling water and a cold reservoir consisting of a large tub of ice and water. In 5 minutes of operation of the engine, the heat rejected by the engine melts a mass of ice equal to 3.30×10^-2 kg...
  26. B

    Can Aluminum at 90 Degrees Celsius Melt 10 Grams of Ice?

    Melting Ice With Aluminum?? Homework Statement How many grams of aluminum at 90 degrees C would have to be dropped into a hole in a block of ice at 0.0 degrees C to melt 10 g of ice? Homework Equations Q = (m)(c)(deltaT) c of aluminum = 0.9 c of ice = 2.1 c of water = 4.186 333.7...
  27. P

    Universal Gravitation Ice Rink Problem

    [SOLVED] Universal Gravitation Ice Rink Problem! :) never mind
  28. Z

    Voulme of an ice cream cone bound by a sphere

    Homework Statement Find the volume of an ice cream cone bounded by the sphere x^2+y^2+z^2=1 and the cone z=sqrt(x^2+y^2-1) Homework Equations The two simultaneous equations yield x^2+y^2=1 The Attempt at a Solution Attached
  29. T

    Disney's movie Ice Princess mistake?

    Disney's movie "Ice Princess" mistake? so I watched the movie over the summer... here's word for word out of the script "Now, l'm going to increase the centripetal force by tucking in my arms. This will increase my moment of inertia, so l will spin...faster." so it's been bugging...
  30. N

    Melting ice and water displacement

    1. My professor gave us an extra credit problem in which we have to prove that water level does not change when ice melts. [b]2. (v)ice=(v)displaced water [b]3. any ideas?
  31. J

    Calculating Buoyant Force: Ice in Water

    Homework Statement (a) What is the buoyant force on 0.70 kg of ice floating freely in liquid water? _____ N upward (b) What is the buoyant force on 0.70 kg of ice that is held completely submerged under water? ______N upward Homework Equations ? The Attempt at a Solution...
  32. W

    How Far Does the Person Move on the Ice?

    Homework Statement A person of mass M is standing at one end of a board of mass m and length l. The board rests upon frictionless ice surface, and its mass is uniformly distributed along its length. The person now walks to the center of the board and stops. In terms of the given quantities...
  33. O

    Calculating Centre of Mass on a Board on Ice

    Board on Ice 1. A person of mass M is standing at one end of a board of mass m and length l. The board rests upon a frictionless ice surface and it's mass is uniformly distributed along its length. Calculate how far from the person, d, the centre of mass is of the system. The person then walks...
  34. M

    Can Silicone Filler Fix a Punctured Ice Box?

    I decided to speed things up by scrapping off the ice and I punctured the side of the ice box. I used some silicone filler to seal it. Will it work?
  35. D

    Another HELP problem: Steam to Ice

    Another URGENT HELP problem: Steam to Ice Homework Statement How many J of energy must be removed when 127.0 g of steam, at a temperature of 153.0°C, is cooled and frozen into 127.0 g of ice at 0°C? Take the specific heat of steam to be 2.1 kJ/(kg·K). Homework Equations Q1 = mc(delta...
  36. T

    Energy lost in conversion of steam to ice

    Homework Statement How many J of energy must be removed when 145.0 g of steam, at a temperature of 188.0°C, is cooled and frozen into 145.0 g of ice at 0°C? Take the specific heat of steam to be 2.1 kJ/(kg·K). Homework Equations Q=m*L The Attempt at a Solution Energy =...
  37. S

    Sliding Ice Block Homework: Calculate Mass of Ice Melted

    Homework Statement A block of ice at 0°C whose mass initially is m = 50.0 kg slides along a horizontal surface, starting at a speed vo = 5.72 m/s and finally coming to rest after traveling a distance d = 21.37 m. Compute the mass of ice melted as a result of the friction between the block...
  38. R

    Melting Ice: 200g Steel at 150°C on 0°C Ice

    200g of steel was placed on a big block of ice. The ice was 0 degrees C. The metal was 150 degrees C. How much ice gets melted? My attempt: Q=mc(changeinT) Q=.2(460)150 Q=13800 Q=ML 13800=M(3.34x10^5) M=.041317 kg is melted Is this correct?
  39. K

    Calculate the final temperature of the ice cream

    Homework Statement 5L of liquid nitrogen @ -205 degree celsius and 1L of liquid ice cream @ 15 degree celsius - they are both mixed. upon mixture nitrogen evaporates and ice cream hardens or freezes. Assuming only 14% of the energy gained by the nitrogen in the process of warming to room...
  40. B

    How Much Ice Melts When a Bullet Penetrates It?

    Please help...How much ice melts? Homework Statement A 70 gram bullet traveling at 250 m/s penetrates a block of ice at 0 degrees Celsius and comes to rest within the ice. Assuming that the temperature of the bullet doesn't change appreciably, how much ice is melted as a result of the...
  41. P

    Increasing Spin: Ice Skater's Formula Revealed

    any one know the formula for an ice skater in an increasing spin
  42. I

    A spherical iron ball covered with ice

    hi everyone this is a related rates question no one in the class could solve it. I could not find how to find the equation that relate all the things in the question.the question is: A spherical iron ball 8 in. in diameter is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness. If the ice melts...
  43. Q

    Question about Ice in a drink cooler

    Hi, This is not directly related to any assignment but I have a question. Is it better (meaning the drinks in the cooler will stay cold longer) to leave the cold water in a cooler or to drain the cold water out of the cooler. Personally, I am inclined to think that you maintain a higher...
  44. D

    Rate of Volume Decrease of a Cubical Block of Ice

    A cubical block of ice is melting in such a way that each edge decreses steadily by 8.8 cm every hour. At what rate is its volume decreasing when each edge is 5 meters long? this is my work Let l=l(t) be the length of each edge at time t then volume = l^3 dl/dt = 8.8cm/h = .088m/h...
  45. S

    Understanding Enthalpy: How Salting Crushed Ice Cools Beer Faster

    Can someone help me understand this: By salting the crushed ice, the beer got cold faster. Why?! I have recently studied some Enthalpy, so if anyone could give me an explanation to this using anything related to Enthalpy I'd be very grateful!
  46. S

    Projectile Motion of ice skater

    Homework Statement You are planning a stunt to be used in an ice skating show. For this stunt a skater will skate down a frictionless ice ramp that is inclined at an angle of 15° above the horizontal. At the bottom of the ramp, there is a short horizontal section that ends in an abrupt drop...
  47. K

    Angle Between F1 and F2 Forces on Disk Sliding on Ice

    The question is: Two horizontal forces F1 and F2 act on a 1.8 kg disk that slides over frictionless ice, on which an xy coordinate system is laid out. Force F1 is in the negative direction of the x-axis and has a magnitude of 3.0 N. Force F2 has a magnitude of 9.0 N. The figure below gives...
  48. G

    What is the Best Textbook on Ice Ages?

    I'm looking for a one single solid textbook about Ice Ages. People are mentioning Imbrie's "Ice Ages" but it looks just a little old. I'll borrow it soon. Thanks for your interest.
  49. K

    Momentum (Catching Ball on Ice)

    The Question: (1) You are standing on a sheet of ice that covers a parking lot; there is negligible friction between your feet and the ice. A friend throws you a 0.400 kg ball that is traveling horizontally at 10.2 m/s. Your mass is 73.4 kg. (a) If you catch the ball, with what speed do...
  50. I

    HELP Friction on Ice involving weight

    You are driving a 2580.0 kg car at a constant speed of 14.0 m/s along an icy, but straight, level road. As you approach an intersection, the traffic light turns red. You slam on the brakes. Your wheels lock, the tires begin skidding, and the car slides to a halt in a distance of 26.4 m. What is...
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