The intrinsic concentration ##n_i## varies with T as
##n_i^2 = A_0T^3e^{\frac{-E_{G0}} {kT}} ## ---> eq1
The mobility ##\mu## varies as ##T^{-m}## over a temperature range of 100 to 400K. For Germanium, m = 1.66 (2.33) for electrons (holes) as per book.
The conductivity is given by ##\sigma =...
Not sure whether this is the right category but bear with me.I've seen graphics where the information increase with time of evolution is projected like the one in the link below from Carl Sagan's book
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Page-from-the-book-of-Carl-Sagan-21_fig2_322153131
Now I...
Hello,
I am trying to change a 0.9mm screw with a 1.0mm screw. The material is 18k gold, and so the hole is to be threaded.
Is it ill advised to force the larger screw in without tapping the smaller hole? the difference in screw size is just .1mm, and we assume the thread pitches are...
So, I simply used the percentage increase formula for the resistance force, but what I come up with is a 9.5% increase, as opposed to the 44% it should be...
Here's my procedure:
Im doing a lab on an online software called beyond labs. On this software I am able to test gas laws by adding ideal and real gasses to a balloon in a pressure chamber.
When I am conducting the test I have a consistent temperature of 298K and .300 moles across all the tests; the only variables...
Hi,
I take a big number of disks to composed a circle of a radius of 1 m, the blue curved line is in fact several very small disks:
I take a big number of disks to simplify the calculations, and I take the size of the disks very small in comparison of the radius of the circle. The center A1 of...
A recipient (cube) of 1m³ is filled of small spheres, there are for example 1000³ spheres inside the recipient. There are also 1000³ elastics that attract the spheres to the bottom. The elastic are always vertical. One elastic for each sphere. One end of the elastic is fixed on a sphere and the...
I am very irritated by remaining at one level,
Since this year I am not able to get better at studies like continuously I am getting exactly same marks with few numbers up and down for example in my last test I got 586 out of 720 and in second last I got 585 out of 720,
I feel like whenever...
How the number of the particles in a solution increase the probability to get adsorption on a surface? which physical terms explain this? For example when I increase the concentration of molecules in a solution I can see that the adsorption and the aggregation on the surface happen.
I would like to be sure that objects passing at high speed (half or more of the speed of light) have more gravitational attraction to each other than they would if their relative speed were forty miles per hour.
Thank you for your help.
Jim Adrian
Hi everyone, I'm stuck in solving this problem. I have two solution of H2SO4 5M that needs two consequential pH increasing: the first from the natural pH of H2SO4 5M (around zero) to pH 2 and then from pH 2 to pH 7. The second solution from the natural pH of H2SO4 5M to pH 2 and then from pH 2...
Suppose on day-one a number is 15 then on day-twenty the number has increased to 200. Now I want to find out what that increasing number could be on day-forty by using the exponent derived from the day- one to day-twenty increase ; x(log15) = log 200 .
x = 2.301/1.176 = 1.956. So now on day...
In a shrinking universe heat will increase, but also volume available to place particles will decrease. What happens to entropy when the volume gets very small and the temperature is very high?
Summary:: need to increase the wavelength of light.
I am an intro physics student working on a project and need to increase the wavelength of photons. I only have visible light sources available but need to have an emission of a wavelength larger than 1mm. is there a way to shift wavelength...
Dark matter passes through everything, but is only influenced by gravity, so in the case of a neutron star, since dark matter doesn't interfere with ordinary matter, it can just pass through it, but neutrinos might be stopped by it's density, as neutrinos can just pass through stars almost as if...
When ICs undergo accelerated testing via thermal cycling, wouldn't rate of temperature increase factor into the equation? For example, in Equation 4 in this pdf: http://www.issi.com/WW/pdf/semiconductor-reliability.pdf
The Temp Cycling Acceleration Factor is a function of Tmax,stress and...
As B increases, a circular E-field is setup by Faraday's Law, which accelerates the ions/electrons into a gyrating motion. The gyrating electrons/ions have an effective magnetic moment that opposes the applied B-field (Lenz's Law). When the B-field is decreased, a circular induced E-field...
The increase in radius is due to the centripetal force acting on the ring. The centripetal force acting on each point of the ring is directed towards its center.
We can find force using ## F_c = M(\omega)^2R##
We can use this ##F_c## in the equation of Hooke's Law to find the elongation
Could...
Please help me comprehend the text below...
The discussion begins with the current flowing through the inductor for both the cases (case a and b) stays same.The input voltage is Vi. When two tapped cap is used with the current that is flowing in the inductor is divided among the two capacitor...
Earlier I read that as distance from centre of axis of rod increases it's inertia increases but why does torque increases isn't it like that if inertia increases for same force the less force should be produced?
Hi All,
When I teach the basic structure of a laser setup, stimulated emission appears as a fundamental phenomenon. But in no reference I found a description that could account for the increase of coherent length of the EM laser field. According to my knowledge, one photon typically doesn't...
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/09/25/764243209/prehistoric-babies-drank-animal-milk-from-a-bottle
Neolithic animal shaped baby bottles were shown to have non-human milk residue. One reasonably likely outcome is that women who stopped nursing early and used the "bottles" to feed...
Summary: Apparently an ice cube gains mass when it melts
So I'm asked to "Find the fractional increase in inertial mass when an ice cube melts ".
All I've got off the top of my head right now is that a cube has energy = mc^2, and then when the cube melts, energy Q = (Heat of fusion)(m) is...
like a shot bullet or arrow has negligibly more gravitational force than a still bullet or arrow?,
this is what I'm asking,
m=e/c^2
F=Gm/r^2,
thus, F=Ge/(c^2*r^2)
where e represents the (mass of the object + energy added to the object)
thus more the energy, more the gravitational force, even...
Basic Procedure
The experiment basically involves finding the null point on the Carey Foster's bridge with the PRT as the unknown resistance and using a Resistance box as the variable resistance.
In the above diagram, P and Q are 2 fixed resistors of equal resistances.
For obtaining the first...
A hypothetical question. Heat Q is transferred from water to a metallic solid. Both have same heat capacities and the same initial temperature. Now since molecules in a liquid are more randomly oriented than a solid, will the entropy decrease of the liquid be more than the entropy increase of...
In an accelerator when you're pushing/pulling a charged particle with a field that travels at the speed of light why should we expect to the particle to exceed the speed of light.
I thought it is because of the consevation of the energy, so I used (gravitational potential energy at the top = elastic potential energy). Since the mass of the rocket never changes, I supposed mass= 1kg, and k value is unknown. As a result, I got the result that k value is decreasing as...
I have high blood pressure. My physician told me that any exercise that increases my heart rate will decrease my blood pressure.
When I get angry, my heart rate increases.
If increasing one's heart rate by exercise will decrease my blood pressure, it seems logical for me to think that when...
I've read (in Hagai Netzer's book The Physics and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei) that "Comptonization in the [black hole's accretion] disk atmosphere can increase the energy of some photons..."
I thought Compton scattering could only decrease a photon's energy. What am I missing?
Concrete for example - you need less concrete to obtain the same lead equivalent for photon energy 500 keV than for 200 keV. What is the reason for this?
Subaru flat fours (a boxer engine design) are notorious for losing oil pressure under high lateral G's. The usual solution is using a dry sump. Dry sumps are expensive and complicated. They are, based on currently available remedies, unnecessary until you exceed 1.5 G's. I am at that threshold...
Imagine a 400-meter-long pipe with a 1600-meter diameter, floating in inter-planetary space. It is spinning at 0.5 gravity along its major axis and there are no secondary-axes spins. We need to increase rotation to 0.85 g. Its density is a uniform 2.3 kg/m³ and it weighs 49,120,056 kg.
Thanks to...
Does temperature increase when water is boiling at 100C in a closed system? I am picturing a scenario where I am boiling water in a pot to make pasta. However, I decide to close the pot as the water is still boiling. By doing this I am sealing away the system of study from the environment. Thus...
i don't really understand why S of the universe must be always positive,i know that only reversible process have constant entropy but why real proceses always increase S in the universe?
sorry for bad english I am not from USA or UK
I trying to generate a random distribution
λe-λy
Which distributed exponentially.%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot
N = 1000
r = np.random.random(N)
xlambda = 0.1
x = -np.log(r)/xlambda
binwidth=xlambda*5
pyplot.hist(x,bins=np.arange(0.,100...
Is there any evidence that objects moving increasingly closer to light speed gain gravitational mass, in the sense of attracting surrounding (and not co-moving) masses more strongly, rather than solely possessing the increased inertial mass implied by the greater force necessary to...
When I was looking a project that included Mach vs Cd and Mach vs drag Force for a grid fin at different altitudes with different mach numbers, I saw that as Cd approached Mach 1, it increased but after passing Mach 1, it started to decrease but the drag force kept on increasing.
I initially...
Hi All,
The Potential Energy for two chemically bonding atoms is defined by ,U=1/2(k*q1*q2)/r
So it means that when the atoms approach each other then, their Potential Energy will increase.
Where am I doing wrong?
I will be thankful for help!
Homework Statement
Homework Equations
Formula of Kp and Kc
The Attempt at a Solution
You will easily be able to identify that the reaction will proceed in the forward direction when some inert gas is introduced.
So,my question is that why won't the amount of chlorine formed increase in...
Hi all,
I am new to this forum and seeking help with a project that I am working on at the condominium complex where I live in Thailand during the winter months. We currently have 3 ponds with water spouts in each pond. At this time the water nozzles spray (bubble up) to about 12-14 inches. My...
This may be one of those things that everybody knew but me (come to think of it, I think I'll add it to the "things I learned today" thread elsewhere).
There are some plastic bags I use which come on a roll. I have been struggling to open them when I remove a bag from the roll, rubbing...