Optics Definition and 999 Threads

How is the "geometric optics approximation" exactly defined? Given all the source of visible radiation's parameters, all the apparatus, instruments, screen, etc, specifications, how can I know if, e. g. there will be diffraction, interference or other wave properties or if I'll be able to...

The Instructables website is having an Optics Contest (going for 43 days from now). You could win an iPhone X! These are DIY projects that you write up with pictures so that other people can replicate them. Instructions --> Instructables. There are already several entries you can view there...

Homework Statement Calculate the expected peak wavelength and spectral bandwidth (in units of wavelength) of the emission for both a GaAs and silicon LED at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and room temperature (300 K). Which of these cases would you expect to result in the best emitter and...

Hey :) I measured the transmission of blue visible light (350-550nm) through lithiumdisilicate ceramics with an ulbricht ball and an spectrometer. The light source was a led dental curing unit (bluephase style). The light guide was positioned direct on the ceramics. Now I wanted to test...

Hello PF, I'm reading a paper for a project. In the paper they derive an equation for the effective refractive index ##n=\sqrt{\epsilon^{e} \mu^{e}}## of two stacked layers ##(n_1^2 = \epsilon_1 \mu_1, a)## and ##(n_2^2 = \epsilon_2 \mu_2, b)## where ##a,b## are the lengths and in my case...

Hi! As the title suggests, I am searching for some good problem books with really challenging problems for classical physics, more precisely on the topics of electricity and elecromagnetism, geometrical optics and wave optics, thermodynamics and analytical mechanics. When I say challenging I...

Homework Statement An object is 25.0 cm to the left of a lens with a focal length of + 15 .0 cm. A second lens of focal length +15.0 cm is 30.0 cm to the right of the first lens. Find the location of the final image and draw it out. Homework Equations 1/f = 1/di + 1/do The Attempt at a...

I am currently reading through 'Optics' by Eugene Hecht chp 2 page 20, he talks about the function of the wave and the direction of travel of the wave i.e ##\psi(x)=f(x-t)## and right at the bottom of the page he say this: Equation (2.5) is often expressed equivalently as some function of ##t -...

Homework Statement Light of free-space wavelength λ0 = 0.87 μm is guided by a thin planar film of thickness d = 3.0 μm and refractive index n1 = 1.6, surrounded by a medium of refractive index n2 = 1.4 critical angle = 61.04° n0 = 1.00 (a) Determine (i) the angle of incidence θ and (ii) the...

Homework Statement In a particular fibre, the attenuation coefficient for Rayleigh scattering is measured to be 0.30 dB/km at 1.20 μm. (a) How large would it be expected to be at 0.80 μm? (b) Ignoring other sources of attenuation, if a signal of a certain initial power was sent over a...

Homework Statement From the Fresnel equations and Snell’s Law, prove that, when θ = θB where tanθB = nt/ni, (θB is the Brewster angle); (a) Reflection coefficient = 0 , and (b) transmission coefficient = n/n’ Homework Equations reflection coefficient = (ntcosθi - nicosθt) / (ntcosθi + nicosθt)...

Hello, I'm having trouble understanding how and why the math is the way that it is to get the answer. The question states: A specimen has a diameter of 1.5 micrometer. What is the minimum magnification that will allow a human to resolve this object? 150 micrometer/1.5 micrometer = 100X <--...

Homework Statement A beam of light of vacuum wavelength λ = 550nm passes from water (refractive index 1.33) into air (refractive index 1.00). (a) What is the critical angle? (b) Suppose the beam is totally internally reflected. At what angle of incidence would the decay length of the...

Homework Statement Suppose that an electric field is given by E(r,t)=E0cos(k·r−ωt+φ), where k⊥E0 and φ is a constant phase. Show that B(r,t)=((k×E)/ω)B(k⋅r-ωt+φ) is consistent with ∇×E=-∂B/∂t Homework Equations ∇×E=-∂B/∂t The Attempt at a Solution I know I have to take the curl of E, but I'm...

I have been working a project of creating a simulation of thin-film interference in a 3D modeling program, Blender, to be able to create materials that would use its effects. While uncommon, I would love for it to be able to correctly calculate reflectance and transmittance when the incident...

Hi. I've just learned about enumerating the second-order susceptibility (rather blindly) by 3^3 * (3*2*1) * 2 = 324. (tensor size * 3 frequency permutation * negative frequency) I'm guessing that for the third-order susceptibility would similarly yeild 3^4 * (4*3*2*1) * 2 = 3888? I couldn't...

Homework Statement I read that the magnification for a point object is undefined, but when we draw ray diagrams we consider the rays to be emanating from a point source and also define magnification for it- what am I missing? Homework Equations -- The Attempt at a Solution (conceptual query)

Theoretically, squeezed state can be generated using a process called 'parametric down conversion'. I was going through the literature and found that people performed 'second harmonic generation' before doing 'parametric down conversion'. Can anyone tell me why simple harmonic generation is...

Is it necessary that the image of the point object placed on the axis of optical system has its image formed on the axis? Consider paraxial approximation.

Homework Statement Monochromatic light of wavelength, λ is traveling in air. The light then strikes a thin film having an index of refraction n1 that is coating a material having an index of refraction n2. If n2 is larger than n1, what minimum film thickness will result in minimum reflection of...

There are two courses at my school involving optics. I'm not sure if they are too similar that taking both would be a waste of time, or if they would be different enough that it would be ok to take both. The first one is from the electrical engineering department, here is the course...

Hello, I am trying to buy the parts to perform a Schlieren experiment (see an example here: https://bit.ly/2mwbzkl) It is suggested to use a Spherical Primary Telescope Mirror (glass), however when i look into getting larger than 160 mm versions, they start to get extremely expensive. So...

I was just wondering which out of the 2 courses would be more beneficial for me as I am interested in Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology: A senior level course in Optics or a Senior Level course in Methods of Theoretical Physics (Presumably mathematical methods). Course Descriptions...

Glass allows visible light to pass through I would like to find a list of materials that allows lights of different EM spectrum to pass through, not just the above, Searched throughout google, couldn't find any!.

I do know the difference between real and virtual images. I would like to know the difference between real and virtual objects. I need some examples. See this picture

How do i apply the laws of refraction to plane and curved surfaces. I have absolutely no idea how to even start on this one, its got nothing to do with the course, i am going to study. i need to understand this to move on but i genuinely have absolutely no interest in optics. I really can not...

By observing that red is the outermost color of the rainbow it is possible to conclude the refractive index of water, n, is lower for red than for blue. However, why is n lower for red? This seems to be answered by the Drude dispersion model, with a resonance in the ultraviolet region, but I...

Greetings, is anyone here familiar with nonlinear optics? I want to know wether the Pockels effect only occurs in optically anisotropic media or not. Of course, we need a medium with inversion symmetry ("non-centrosymmetric medium"), but I am not sure about the optical isotropy. In an...

Is there a limit to how steep a refractive index gradient can be before ray optics are no longer able to predict the path of the light? How is it related to wavelength? Under what conditions the light will be able to travel perpendicular to the gradient In a straight line? (having diffrent index...

Homework Statement A Capillary tube is made of glass of refractive index n1 . The outer radius of the tube is R.The tube is filled with a liquid of refractive index n2 < n1 .what should be the minimum internal radius of the tube so that any ray that hits the tube would enter the liquid...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I have solved this problem . For that I had to use refraction at the first surface , then reflection from the back side and then again refraction from the first surface . This gives me the correct answer . But when I saw the...

Homework Statement Hello everyone ! I hope this is the correct place to ask. Here is my probem: I have to measure the refractive index and the thickness of the glass part of a mirror. The idea that I have, and that has been approved by my teachers, is the following: In order to measure the...

Homework Statement A galileibinocular consists of two lenses with ƒobjective = +30 cm and ƒokular = -10 cm. The distance between the lenses is 30 cm and the binocular is aimed at an object 90 cm away from the objective lens. Where is the image of the object seen through the binoculars? (the...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I have placed the origin at the middle of the mirrors . This means object is at the origin . Now I am bit unsure about what the question means with 5th reflection .I am assuming that it means 5th image in either of the mirrors...

Homework Statement How does this picture represent a unpolarised light?Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution [/B] I thought light waves were perpendicular to the direction of propogation so if it has diagonal components then isn't that not perpendicular to the wave direction If it is...

Homework Statement The Attempt at a Solution Hi All! This is probably going to have a very simple answer. I'm stuck on question (b)(ii). The only equation I can find with the ruling width in it is the one shown and I can't find a way to calculate is as I don't know Beta. Thanks

https://eng.libretexts.org/Core/Materials_Science/Optical_Properties/Metallic_Reflection According to this article,metals are good reflectors at low frequencies.What about at high frequencies like visible or UV spectrum?Will this show deviation

I have a very very unusual project requirement where I need a pocket video projection with the lowest possible projection angle or "longest possible throw-ratio". It's a pocket DLP projector so goal is to have the beam remain ,as much as possible, almost the same size as the DLP matrix, for a...

Homework Statement The problem is state in the attachment. Homework Equations None to add. 3. The Attempt at a Solution Struggling with this problem because of the phasor part of it. Perhaps this is justified because the angle is very small and so that relates to a low frequency? Is it...

Homework Statement [/B] A glass slab of refractive index n=2 has left spherical of radius 10cm and right surface plane.From both surfaces refraction as well as reflection takes place.A point of object P is placed at a distance 15cm from point O1. Mark the correct option (A)two images are...

I learned that stimulated absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission are three fundamental concepts in the process of radiation. Among these three concepts, I found stimulated emission really hard to comprehend, it says when atom in its excited state is stimulated by external...

I believe I have answered the first question correctly (although I am not certain of this). And I'm struggling with grasping how to approach the second part of the question. Any guidance or recommedations on reading material would be greatly appreciated. Homework Statement Contact lenses are...

Homework Statement An object and its lens-produced real image are 2.4 m apart. Part A If the lens has 55-cm focal length, what are the possible values for the object distance? Express your answer using two significant figures. Homework Equations 1/s+1/s'=1/f s-s'=2.4m The Attempt at a...

Solar sails use the push of photons on a mirror. Would it work to use the push of photons in the atoms in fiber optic cables so the question is would there be push and how much on 1 mile of a space train 50 feet wide with 1 foot thick of fiber optics. Here's how I think it would be nearly...

A bit of unsual scenario, I need to divide a video projection beam horizontally into two. Since the splitted beams in my diagram are treated as a separate beam they have to have their focus plane changed. Is that possible to do and how would one do it? http://image.ibb.co/jAu9x7/9241421.jpg If...

In order for a conventional telescopic riflescope to function, it must invert the image two times. As a result, the light-rays traveling through the tube must meet at two focal points. With my limited knowledge of optics, i assume that parallell light going in through the objective will meet...

I am trying to piece together how the parabolic mirror manages to reflect the "red dot" from the focal point to the eye without distortion. I compare this with a conventional car headlight, which operates almost exactly the same way, except it has a non-transparent backing. Why does the ret dot...

Homework Statement A nearsighted man uses his ideally prescribed contact lenses that have a refractive power of −3.60 diopters. He would like a prescription for eyeglasses. What is the correct eyeglasses prescription if he wears his eyeglasses a distance of 2.30 cm from his eyes? Homework...

Homework Statement both filled to height h in the vessel of length 2h. one has refractive index root 2 and the bottom fluid has refractive index n. find the apparent depth of vessel. Homework Equations n = real depth/apparent depth The Attempt at a Solution what these guys have done ...

The question: -------------------- The length of a microscope pipe is $L=160\,\rm mm$, the transverse magnification of its objective $M_o = 40\times$ and the diameter $d_o = 5\,\rm mm$. As for the ocular/eyepiece, its magnification is $M_e = 10\times$. 1. Find out the focal length of the...