Polarization Definition and 666 Threads

Homework Statement Hi everyone, I'm a high school teacher and every time I teach the concept of polarization, students ask me the same question and I can't answer it. I show students this picture. The red lines show the electric field vibrations. After passing through polarizer 1, the...

Elliptically polarized light strikes a glass surface (in air) with refraction index n at Brewster's angle. What is the polarization of the reflected ray? How does it change if now the glass surface is partially submerged in water? And if the glass surface is fully submerged in water? How...

I'm working through Lahiri & Pal's book A First Book of Quantum Field Theory, Second Edition and I'm stuck on their explanation of the polarization vector in quantum electrodynamics in Chapters 8 and 9. In section 8.8, they derive a formula for the sum over the transverse polarization modes of...

Homework Statement Suppose light is prepared in a coherent superposition of linear horizontal polarization and linear vertical polarization. What is the resulting polarization according to Jones calculus if it passes through: a linear polarizer at a 45-degree angle (0 degrees would be...

Homework Statement When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, what happens? A.The light emerges polarized in the polarizer axis direction with about 12the intensity of the incident beam. B.The light emerges polarized perpendicular to the polarizer axis direction with about 12the...

What is the phase difference between the right circularly polarized and left circularly polarized light of the same amplitude? And how do you calculate it?

It is said that the wave whose polarization is parallel to the wire, gets absorbed by the wire. But, there is empty space between the wires. So, that part of the above - said wave which passes through the empty space will not get absorbed by the wire. So, the transmitted wave must have the wave...

Hello! In the calculation of the QED matrix element, it says in the book I read that we have to sum over the polarization states of the photon: $$\sum_\lambda \epsilon_\mu^\lambda\epsilon_\nu^{\lambda *}=-g_{\mu\nu}$$ I am a bit confused why do we do a summation over the orthonormal basis...

Hi. I'm reading a paper "Transmission of light through a single rectangular hole in a real metal" and the author refers to the incident light shown below as "p-polarized" without further specification. Note that ax > ay. Is there any convention in regarding a certain polarization as...

I have a plate capacitor with a given charge. It is then dipped in a dielectric fluid and I must determine which height the fluid reaches(all the necessary parameters are given). I can solve this problem if I make the following assumption: the polarization of the dielectric does not( or...

The common mantra is that when measuring conductivity in solutions the electrodes will build up a polarization layer and disturb the measurement, thus a 4 electrode measurement is used and an alternating current impressed up on the outer electrodes, usually around 1000 hz. I have been trying to...

Dear Physics Forums members, I have a research problem that involves electrostatics. My education is as a chemist, and thus I struggle to accurately represent my problem, so I thought that you guys could help me (and would be interested in the exercise). Here is an image to summarize my...

Hi everyone First of all, I am a computer science student and I have a question regarding the polarization of light as stated in an article entitled "Multi-stage quantum secure communication using polarization hopping" by Rifai et al.,2015. Given the Mueller matrix: The input of light state is...

Hello. I've been really curious about how TFP (Thin Flim Polarizer) works. I've searched TFP information through the Internet which tells that TFP utilizes Brewster's angle. This explains how the P-polarization transmits TFP with 100 % transmission, but I don't know how the S-polarization is...

I have a quick, general, query. When conducting an experiment with entangled photons, measuring in the +/- basis would mean in the 45/135 basis?

I read maxwell says electric field polarizes the dielectrics. Does it mean above effect used at photographic camera lens design to make that lens sometimes works like polarizer filter ? Mustafa Umut Sarac Istanbul

How top quark polarization is zero? If we see the daughters then how can we justifies its polarization

hello everyone,I want to construct the elliptical polarization in Jones's Matrix form . So, I use the linear polarizer to analyze this polarization. where the Intensity ,which obtain by using the linear polarizer,come from? by integrating overall angle or the other way ?

I am reading D. J. H. Garling's book: "A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume II: Metric and Topological Spaces, Functions of a Vector Variable" ... ... I am focused on Chapter 11: Metric Spaces and Normed Spaces ... ... I need some help with the polarization formula for the complex...

I am reading D. J. H. Garling's book: "A Course in Mathematical Analysis: Volume II: Metric and Topological Spaces, Functions of a Vector Variable" ... ... I am focused on Chapter 11: Metric Spaces and Normed Spaces ... ... I need some help with the polarization formula for the complex case...

Hi everyone, there's something that I can't comprehend: when a homogeneous is in a conservative and non-uniform in module electric field polarization expression is given by P=ε0χE. Supposing the most general situation there's: divP=ρp where ρp is the polarization charge density in the...

Hello people, I'm a little bit confused about how to define the polarization direction for TM/TE mode. Take a look at the TE mode picture I found in some place. Picture1 The Cartesian system of coordinate (XYZ) here is chosen by the right hand rule. Picture2 But how we chose the direction...

I am studying about the cavity radiation inside a metallic cube. In the textbook it states that there are two independent waves corresponding to the two possible states of polarization of electromagnetic waves. What does it mean by this? (My current assumption is the phase change of the waves)...

Hello, I am having a bit of trouble understanding the concept of Rayleigh scattering as it relates to light from the sun. My book states that unpolarized light will hit the atmosphere, and the scattered light will be mainly horizontally polarized, while the unscattered light remains...

It is well established that Fermionic or quantum spin is described by the Pauli matrices and their algebra which give the basis vectors and operators. Consider a superposition of spin-up and spin-down states ##\psi_S = \cos(\alpha)|z_+\rangle + \sin(\alpha)|z_-\rangle## and project into...

Hello, I can't seem to arrive at a result that my book states using Jones vectors for circular polarization. My book says that the unit jones vector for right circular polarization is $$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ -i \end{bmatrix} $$ However when I apply this jones vector to an arbitrary electric...

Homework Statement Given the wave function Ψ(θ,φ,r)= f(r,θ)·[cosφ+cos2φ-i(senφ+sen2φ)] for an electron. (φ is the azimut) -Does it spin arround the z axis? -What kind of polarization has? It is dextrogyre or levoryre? -What are the posible values of Lz and what are they respective...

What is the polarization of the following wave? E = (x 20∠0 + y 20∠90°)e-j3z, where x and y are unit vectors I haven't been able to make an attempt because i have no idea how to start and none of the equations i got in class seem to apply. I know that polarization refers to the direction that...

Dear all, I'm studying a charged exciton system, composed by two ground states (electron spin up 1/2 and down state -1/2) and the two heavy hole trion state (up 3/2 and down -3/2). In this case the light which couples two ground states and the trion state has right/left polarization, to...

If you have a new linear polarizer, how do you find its orientation of polarization? In other words, how do you orient it so it would, let say, polarize light vertically if there is no marking for the 0 degrees angle?

Homework Statement Consider a coaxial cable which consists of an inner cylindrical conductor of radius R1, and a shell cylindrical conductor of radii R2 and R3. The 2 conductors are separated with a dielectric material of permittivity ε. Consider the length of the cable, ℓ, much larger than R3...

I'm trying to understand the difference between these two when it comes to measuring the amount of time they take. As of right now, my current understanding is that pole relaxation is based on the amount of time that it takes for polarization of the charges to go back to its relaxed state. For...

hi, in perovskite crystal, such as BaTiO3, due to the off-centre of Ti ion, there exists a polarization moment in the unit cell (as shown in below link). my question is: does the disposition of Ti atom lead to separation of electron cloud from the nuclei of the Ti atom and so the Ti atom plays...

how can he we derive equations for semi major and minor axes of the polarization ellipse?

Could we calculate (linear) electric polarizability from Berry phase?

Hi, In Classical electromagnetic wave.. does it have definite polarization when the EM wave leaves the sun for example? Or is it in superposition and the polarization only exist after measurement just like in QM? I don't understand the Maxwell Equation. Does Superposition in Maxwell Equation...

We were given an assignment on Polaroids and I couldn't find the uses of H sheet Polaroid and K sheet Polaroid. I would really appreciate the help. Thanks!

How would polarized light behave after being reflected by a diffuse surface, such as a white wall? Would it still be completely polarized or would it be more randomly polarized? Would whatever effect takes place vary significantly with different diffuse materials? What about a mirror? Surely...

Can a sphere with a frozen - in uniform polarization ## \vec P ## be considered a linear dielectrics? Following the definition of dielectrics given in Griffiths: The electric field inside the sphere, ## \vec E = \frac {-P}{3 \epsilon_0} ## So, ## \vec P ≠ ε_0 χ_e \vec E ## as ## ε_0 χ_e##...

Hi, My understanding is that when light (with some frequency and polarization) hits the interface between two media (each with some frequency-dependent material properties), the Fresnel equations apply. This tells us how much light reflects back versus refracts across the interface. I'm...

Homework Statement Show that the vacuum polarization \Pi^{\mu\nu}_2(p) in 1-loop is transverse. Decide whether you want to use Ward's identity and prove this to be true in all orders or only prove for 1-loop. Homework Equations Ward's identity q_\mu \mathcal{M}^{\mu}=0 which must hold where...

Homework Statement A vertically polarized light of intensity ##I_0## is incident on a polarizer whose axis makes an angle ##\theta## to the vertical. The light then passes through another polarizer whose axis make 60 seg to that of the first one. The net intensity of the output light in...

Homework Statement Hi guys I am having a problem with this question Q55 a) and b) My problem is that for part a) I used the following logic. That if two sheet won't let light through at ##90^\circ## so if a 3rd sheet is inserted between the two the angle between each is ##45^\circ##, But...

using the references below, the effective charge and the potentials are derived for either r >> 1/m or r << 1/m, so what happens between these two distances. Thanks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_polarization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uehling_potential...

If we arrange the polarization spherically, Does it make a uniformly charged sphere radius of R?? If right, How can I find out \vec{P}(\vec{r}) which results in the constant charge density \rho?

Homework Statement Homework Equations Brewster's angle The Attempt at a Solution I understand why A is true, but I have no idea what concepts are at play with B, C, and D. Any suggestions?

Hello, I am having trouble wrapping my head around S vs P polarization of light. First, if linearly polarized light strikes an interface of two linear media, what determines whether it is S or P polarized? Also, why are these the only two options, i.e. why can't the polarization of the incident...

Homework Statement In a rectangular waveguide, b = a/2, find the section, if exists, in which the magnetic field is circularly polarized (TE10 mode). Homework Equations Rectangular waveguide equations for TE10 mode (referencing Pozar book). Circular polarization (π/2 out of phase and same...

Hello, A photon can have various types of polarization states (horizontal, vertical, circular, elliptical, linear at an angle ##\theta##). Any valid polarization basis is two-dimensional and can represent any state of polarization. What are the actual eigenvectors of the polarization...

Homework Statement You are walking down a long hallway that has many light fixtures in the ceiling and a very shiny, newly waxed floor. In the floor, you see reflections of every light fixture. Now you put on sunglasses that are polarized. Some of the reflections of the light fixtures can not...