Polarization Definition and 666 Threads

  1. S

    Rotate only H-Pol Component of Light beam by 90 degrees

    Is there a single optical component that will do the following? Do nothing to the horizontally polarized input, but rotate the vertically polarized input by 90 degrees, so that both beams finally emerge with the same polarization? I am looking for a single element that will replace the...
  2. Ian Baughman

    Polarizers and Analyzers in optics

    If we have a polarizer and an analyzer where the angle between the two axes is ∅ then we can find the intensity using Malus's Law. The intensity after the polarizer would be: (1/2)I0 After the Analyzer we could have an intensity of: (1/2)I0cos2(∅) What would happen though if ∅ = 0. Would...
  3. S

    A Polarization of gauge bosons and gauge choice

    Consider the following facts: 1. For a particle with momentum ##k##, the two transverse polarization vectors ##\epsilon({\bf k}, \lambda_{1})## and ##\epsilon({\bf k}, \lambda_{1})## are purely spatial and orthogonal to ##\bf k##, that is, ##\epsilon^{0}({\bf k}, \lambda_{1}) = 0,##...
  4. E

    Potential of dielectric cylinder with constant polarization

    Homework Statement The dielectric cylinder is radius R and thickness d. Origin is at the center of the cylinder, which is oriented along the z-axis. It has polarization P=pz∧I need to calculate the potential V(0,0,h) at h>d/2. Homework Equations σb=P⋅n∧...
  5. S

    What does polarization actually mean?

    What is polarization actually mean? is it cancel out one of the EM wave component? that means, is it dismiss the magnetic field from EM wave? if so, how the polarized light propagate without magnetic field? Please clear this matter... [emoji52]
  6. S

    I Photon Polarization: What are indices i and j?

    Hello! I am a bit confused about the completeness relation for photon polarization. So it says ## \sum_{s=1,2}\epsilon_i^s\epsilon_j^{s*}=\delta_{ij}-p_ip_j##, with ##p_i, p_j## - unit vectors. So I am not sure what are the indices i and j. I though that they represent the component of the...
  7. D

    Fourier Transform of Polarization

    Homework Statement The problem is from an optics text, however I believe the problem to be a mathematical one. I'm trying to take the Fourier transform of P(t) = ε0∫ X(t-τ)E(τ) dτ which should equal P(ω) = ε0X(ω)E(ω) where ε0 is a constant X is the susceptibility E is the...
  8. C

    B Has anyone tested a polarization filter sending through photon by photon?

    To properly test a filter, I understand we can use a source of vertically polarized light. We send photon by photon say 1000 though a filter at, for example, 45 degrees the count the ones on the other side. We should get roughly 500, depending of the quality of the setup. I was interested in a...
  9. F

    Electrostatic polarization and paper bits attraction

    Hello, I have been reflecting over this for the past few days. We can charge two insulators by rubbing them against each other. The two materials end up having an equal amount of opposite charge. For example, a glass rod rubbed with silk will become positively charged and the silk negatively...
  10. T

    A Is linear polarization not expected from an astrophysical maser

    I was reading this text where they state: "Many cosmic masers are observed to have both circular and linear polarization although the reasons for linear polarization are not well understood." Just curious, aren't there any molecules such as OH, CH4, or water masers that have transitions that...
  11. Bolhuso

    I Use of polarization to experimentally check photon mass?

    Hi all! I've checked Wikipedia and a related thread regarding experimentally measuring an upper limit for the photon rest mass: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon#Experimental_checks_on_photon_mass https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/photon-rest-mass-0-wasnt-proven-experimentally.792583/ I...
  12. D

    Electrostatic polarization of an axially symmetric conductor

    Homework Statement A grounded Z-axis symmetric closed conductor has a single point charge at the origin within it, inducing negative charge onto its inner surface. Given the induced charge density from the unit point charge, find the surface charge induced instead by a unit dipole at the...
  13. Uriel

    I What does it mean -- polarization of a single photon?

    Hi. I have a rather silly question. When speaking about a single photon? What do people mean when they speak of the polarization of a single photon. For instance, in classic electromagnetic theory, this would be the direction in which the electric field of the wave is oscillating . But does...
  14. H

    How could 2 crossed fields polarize and deflect EM radiation

    In the 1953 science fiction novel Childhood’s End by Arthur C. Clarke, characters use two crossed fields in outer space to block some of the solar radiation traveling towards earth: “Somehow, out in space, the light of the Sun had been polarized by two crossed fields so that no radiation could...
  15. T

    What is the polarization energy?

    I was going through a derivation (equation 4.1.8 in Multi-atomic Coherent Emission by Benedict et al.) and a term called the polarization energy is defined as: $$ \int |\hat{P}(x)|^2 d^3x $$ I have been unable to find much information about this term. In their derivation of the Hamiltonian of...
  16. R

    B Why do we say that there is no polarization until it is measured

    How do we know for sure that the photon's orientation isn't determined until we we measure it ?
  17. Destroxia

    Surface Charge Density, Polarization

    Homework Statement The electric dipole moment for the water molecule equals $$ p = 6.13 × 10−30 C · m $$ Suppose that in the glass of water all molecular dipoles could be made to point down. Calculate the resulting surface charge density at the upper water surfaceHomework Equations [/B] ## P...
  18. SteveeGeorge

    Optics - Re-aligning P Polarization with Brewster Windows

    Hi all, I have a problem, and in need of some help. I am an optical engineer, currently designing an attentuator for near infrared lasers (10.6μm). The attenuator consists of two enhanced ZnSe Brewster windows that rotate in opposite directions and different angles to exactly re-align...
  19. T

    Planes waves produced from a current sheet

    Homework Statement A uniform current sheet in free space is given to be, in phasor form, \vec{J}=\vec{x}J_0e^{-jk_1y} located at the z=0 plane. k_1 < k_0 where k_0 is the wavenumber in free space. a) Describe qualitatively the characteristics of the wave generated by the given current source...
  20. P

    Finding Polarization Components of an Electric Field Vector

    I have a vector that represents the electric field at a specific point. How to find the vertical and horizontal polarization components of this vector?
  21. K

    I Zeeman effect sign of circular polarization

    I'm unsure about the sign of the circular polarization. Assume the magnetic field is pointed toward the observer. In the Zeeman effect spectrum, is the CCW polarized emission at higher or lower wavelength than the CW polarized emission. I think the CCW polarized emission is higher, and this is...
  22. O

    Equation of dielectric polarization & net electric field

    In a linear isotropic homogeneous dielectric, P= χε0*E, where E is the net electric field from the effects of both free and bound charges. But E=(σfree—P)/ε0 So E itself depends on P. My concern is, isn't this circular? How can the polarization density depend on a field that itself depends...
  23. S

    I Polarization in laterally moving reference frame

    Imagine that you are sending photons that are polarized at ##45^\circ##, towards a detector that you are facing (e.g. the detectors's input face is parallel to your device/computer screen right now). The detector's polarization axis is also oriented at ##45^\circ##, so all the photons are...
  24. C

    Polarization Filters: What are They & Where to Learn More

    I wanted to learn more about the makeup of polarization filter I read somewhere that they are organic molecules that are lined up in very thin rows very close to each other. Is this true and would you be able to recommend some resources to learn more about polarization filters?
  25. E

    A Can we make a circular polarization laser directly?

    Now,we get the circular polarization photon using 1/4 waveplate, can we make a circular polarization laser directly through Stimulated Emission Radiation? or, when a electron transition from one level to another level,what kind of polarization of the photon, linear or circular? thank you!
  26. Guy ML

    Question about polarization density

    Homework Statement Given a sphere with radius R, centered at (0,0,0), it's dipole density given as ##P\left(\vec{r}\right)=\alpha\left(R-r\right)\hat{z}## where r is the distance from the center of the ball. I'm required to find: Bound charge density inside the sphere, bound charge density on...
  27. N

    Why does the polarization point inwards for this problem?

    Homework Statement Griffiths 4.15: A thick spherical shell of inner radius a and outer radius b is made up of dielectric material with a frozen in polarization. P = k / r in the r-hat direction. There is no free charge (why?). Find the electric field inside and out. Homework EquationsThe...
  28. TheSodesa

    Two linear polarizers in series

    Homework Statement The optical power of a HeNe -laser is ##P_0 = 5.0mW## and the wavelength ##\lambda = 633nm##. The emitted light is linearly polarized. As the laser beam travels through two in-series -polarizers, the power detected behind the second polarizer ##P_2 = 1mW## . If the first...
  29. entropy1

    B Superposition of measurement apparatus

    Does measuring a polarized photon after it passed a polarization filter put the measurement apparatus in a superposition of detected/not-deteced (the photon)? Does this depend on whether the photon is part of an entangled pair?
  30. entropy1

    B What is ¨unpolarized¨ light exactly?

    I learned that light can be linearly and circularly polarized. It can also be a mix of several simultaneously. Is there also a polarization state that is neither linear nor circular? (ie not polarized?) If so, what is it?
  31. Erik Ayer

    I Polarization entanglement - multiple tests

    Imagine you have a single beam of polarization-entangled photon pairs where photons of each pair have opposite polarization. This beam goes to a polarizing beam splitter. Of each pair, the vertical photon passes directly through and the horizontal photon is reflected 90 degrees left. After...
  32. nazmus sakib

    Does any kind of polarized light transfer heat?

    Does any kind of polarized light transfer heat or any other form of energy? If possible give me some theory and related equation.
  33. K

    B Do probabilities for entangled polarization states add up to one?

    Two photons are moving in opposite directions along the y-axis are in the entangled polarization state |Ψ> = (1/√2)(|VV>+|HH>) V is vertical polarization relative to the z axis and measured from an axis n1 and is defined as θ=θ1 and H is horizontal polarization to the z axis measured from an...
  34. M

    Quantum non-locality and vacuum polarization

    Quantum particles are not localized before they are observed, as shown with the Young double slit experiments and those with entangled particles. On the other side, vacuum is filled with virtual particles. Are the non-localized particles responsible for the virtual particles? or only for a part...
  35. adremja

    EM wave with circular polarization interferes with conductor

    Homework Statement EM wave with circular polarization travels in directon z interferes with perfect conducting surface xy. 1. find reflected wave 2. calculate induced charge density and surface current induced on conducting surface Can you verify if I started point 1. correctly, and give...
  36. carllacan

    Polarization of Photon: Exploring Lorentz Condition

    My Quantum Field Theory notes, after explaining the Lorentz condition, say this: I have some questions about this. 1) What exactly does the polarization of a photon mean? 2) Why do the degrees of freedom of the potentials determine the polarizations of the photon? 3) If instead of the Lorentz...
  37. C

    How Does Circular Polarization Arise in String Wave Motion?

    Homework Statement The horizontal component of a wave is in the y-direction, and the vertical component is in the x-direction. If the horizontal and vertical components of a wave on a string have the same amplitude and are 90 degrees out of phase (say δv=0 and δh= 90°). At a fixed point z...
  38. B

    Snell's Law: Parallel Polarization Derivation

    Hi, I have a plane-wave incident upon a planar interface that is perpendicularly polarized with an electric field directed out of the page in the y-hat direction, perpendicular to the x-z plane of incidence. An image of the incident plane: I'm also given the general expressions for the...
  39. S

    Understanding Jones Matrixes for Linear Polarization

    I have a very basic question regarding jones matrixes. So for Linear polarized light in the x direction the jones matrix would be (1,0) And for linear polarized light in the y direction the jones matrix would be (0,1) But when light is linearly polarized in a 45 degree angle from the x-axis...
  40. Y

    Jones Vectors and Polarization

    Homework Statement Linearly polarized light in the x direction with wave number ##k_0## travels in the z direction. It enters a medium such that a RHCP component of the wave and a LHCP component each accumulate a phase of ##n_Rk_0z## and ##n_Lk_0z## respectively, where z is the distance...
  41. P

    Finding Degree of Linear Polarization

    I would like to measure the DoLP of outside daylight at the horizon with the sun overhead (midday in summer). Found this equation: DoLP = (reflectanceS - reflectanceP) / (reflectanceS + reflectanceP) Where S and P are defined: “The two orthogonal polarization planes are s, perpendicular to the...
  42. M

    Direction of polarization for monochromatic wave?

    Homework Statement Write down the (real) electric and magnetic fields for a monochromatic plane wave of amplitude Eo, frequency w, and phase angle zero traveling in the direction from the origin to the point (1,1,1) with polarization parallel to the xz plane. I understand how to write the...
  43. entropy1

    Are photons passing a polarization filter randomly?

    This may be a dumb question, but maybe someone can help me out: Consider a pair of entangled photons A and B, fired at respectively Alice and Bob who both let it go through a polarisation filter at different angles. Now Alice establishes that half of the photons get through her filter, and half...
  44. A

    Why do some QM books start with Polarization?

    I'm an undergraduate in Physics and just cracked open some QM books, some seem to start with polarization and a strange way of introducing operators, while others start with the wavefunction and then go into harmonic oscilators, then the hydrogen atom etc.. What does polarization have to do...
  45. Z

    Need help with question regarding polarization filters

    Un-polarized light is incident upon two polarization filters and do not have their transmission axes aligned. If 18% of the light passes through this combination of filters, what is the angle between the transmission axes of the filters. I got 64 degrees using I = Imax(cosΦ)^2 but the correct...
  46. Corwin_S

    What happens if I have a rotating half-wave plate?

    Hey there, What would happen if I had a half-wave plate, and I rotated it at like 1 Hz? If I stick a linear polarizer on the other end, what would my outcoming beam look like if the incoming one was natural light?
  47. Lensmonkey

    2 layers of birefringent crystal, how many rays?

    I am trying to solve a problem my camera exhibits. It has a sensor with 6000x3376 pixels. HD video is 1920x1080. In order to reduce the amount of information to the processor the camera throws away 2 out of 3 pixel lines. this creates a problem with thin lines tike telephone lines and makes...
  48. Corwin_S

    Calculate the desired incident polarization of a light beam

    Hi I want to calculate the necessary incident polarization of a light beam at a given angle of incidence (theta_i) that reflects off BK7 glass (n = 1.5168) and is linearly polarized (i.e., 45 degrees). I know how to do similar calculations for incident natural unpolarized light, but not in the...
  49. J

    Light Polarization and Jones Matrices

    Light reflecting off a mirror actually penetrates a short distance into the mirror surface material. In metals, this distance is very short (much less than a wavelength) and so can be neglected. But metals tend to also absorb ~10% of the light, which is undesirable. Today’s modern multilayer...
  50. J

    How Does Birefringence Affect Photon Polarization in a Crystal?

    Homework Statement Linearly polarized light of wavelength 5890 A is incident normally on a birefringent crystal that has its optic axis parallel to the face of the crystal, along the x axis. If the incident light is polarized at an angle of 45° to the x and y axes, what is the probability that...
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