Polarization Definition and 666 Threads

In this paper, the Orbital Polarization (OP) is defined as: $$OP=\frac{n_{x^2-y^2}-n_{z^2}}{n_{x^2-y^2}+n_{z^2}}$$ where $$n_i$$ is the occupancy of that given orbital. I would like to understand the physical meaning of this. Also, is there a difference between OP and Orbital Hybridization?

Hello, I'm currently going through Agrawal's book 'Nonlinear Fiber Optics' and got stuck with some mathematical cosmetics (pp. 40). It is the substition of: \vec{P_L}(\vec{r},t) = \frac{1}{2} \hat{x} \left(P_L \exp{(-i \omega_0 t)} + c.c.\right) into \vec{P_L}(\vec{r},t) = \epsilon_0...

I've been trying to understand the whole BICEP story. Here's what I think I understand so far: Inflation produces primordial gravitational waves. During recombination, photons decouple from matter and the CMB is formed. Propagating gravity waves stretch space in one direction and squeeze it in...

Phase difference between two component of Electric field vector seems to me that the phase difference for circular should be of odd multiples of 90 but its not 90 when n value substituted. Please help for solution..

Homework Statement Unpolarized light is reflected internally in the point P in a glass prism. When the prism is located in air, β is the critical angle of total reflection. I am going to calculate for the following problems: a) If the prism is submerged into water the reflected light becomes...

Hello folks, I've just started to read "An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by Peskin and Schroeder" and at the end of 6th page I could read: "... Since H_I should conserve angular momentum, the photon to which these particles couple must have the correct polarization vector to give it...

Hi, I would like to know what the theoretical implication is, as it pertains to RC circuits of the following hypothetical situation(s): If one were to connected an ideal discharged capacitor in parallel with an ideal voltage source with zero resistance in the loop, the calculated RC time...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster%27s_angle The dipoles that produce the transmitted (refracted) light oscillate in the polarization direction of that light. Why? Does that last sentence actually say no light is reflected back if the angle of impact is orthogonal to the surface?

hi, What is the difference between radial polarization and optical vortex? thx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_polarization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_vortex http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum_of_light http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_of_light...

Initial assumptions : 1. An unpolarised photon has 50% chance of being transmitted through a linear polariser. 2. When a photon meets a polarizer we subject it to an observation. 3. The effect being that we have forced it to collapse from being in the superposition of the vertical and...

Hello, I am trying to design an experiment where I can calculate the distance at which polarization will not have a measurable effect on a neutral object, from a sphere charged by a Van Der Graaf generator. I am measuring the weight change caused by the polarization of the neutral object with...

Just wondering, in order to polarize a light beam with a wire grid you could also get some difraction in despite of the wire's length, right? And, if so, will the difracted rays also be polarized?

White light is composed of 7 wavelengths. And yet we show white light as one single electrical wave perpendicular to the accompanying magnetic wave. Don't all the waves actually travel separate (though at the same speed)? Also, does polarization of light mean cutting out on the magnetic field...

All the books that deal with the p-n junction under applied bias asume that the same equations used for the equilibrium case (no bias) can be used for the biased case provided that the juntcion voltage V_{ic} is substituted by V_{ic}-V, where V is the applied bias. Although this can seem...

There have been quite a few Bell threads lately, so I have been looking at them and various other sources. I'm missing something... any guidance appreciated. Per Dr. Chinese's, "Once any photon passes through a polarizer lens, its polarization will be aligned exactly with the lens thereafter...

Homework Statement Write an expression for a light wave circular polarized to the right, traveling in the positive ZZ direction, such that the electric field points in the negative XX direction at z=0, t=0.Homework Equations Right handed polarization is the same as clockwise, I think...

Hi, I'm new to this forum, and I need some help with this. I want to determine the polarization of a laser beam, that is, the type of polarization (linear, elliptical), the angle of polarization (if it is linear). Then, I want to represent this mathematically. I used some linear polarizers to...

Two entangled photons from a same-polarization source have their polarization measured at 120 deg difference from each other. If I understood right all the simplified Bell-theorem and Bell-test explanations out there, QM and experiments say the chance for coincidence will be 25% no matter which...

Hi all, I'm implementing a computer vision system with a near-infrared laser and a NIR bandpass filter. It shines a laser on things and looks for a reflection. I'm getting a bunch of interference from sunlight and was thinking of using a polarizing filter to cut some of the sunlight out...

Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know that according to the Malus law formula, if the angle is 0 < θ < 90 then there is some transmission. But I need help understanding this physically. If we think of a polarizer/analyzer as a "lattice", i.e. kind of like...

I read that if a beam of unpolarized light goes through a polarizer, the intensity of the polarized beam is equal to half the intensity of the original beam. Can someone explain me why? I thought the intensity would be the same.

Homework Statement Unpolarized light of intensity Io is incident on two polarizing sheets whose axes are perpendicular. A) what is the intensity of the light after the first sheet? B) what is the intensity of the light after the second sheet? Homework Equations I=(Imax)cos^2(Θ) The Attempt...

Hi, I'm trying to understand particle polarization. To my understanding if a particle is in a pure quantum state with non-zero spin (i.e. spin up) then it is fully polarized. If it is in a superposition of different spin states then it is weakly polarized and if its properties are uniform...

A simple question: is the polarization of light affected in any way upon reflection? What about upon refraction/diffraction? What interactions affect polarization?

So I know how polaroids and 0.5λ plates work, but does this mean that the polarization of the light and the phase of light are the same, but that the polarization of light is actually a vector description of light? Or something like that? Are these two the same?

Homework Statement Part (a): Explain how birefringence adds phase difference. Part(b): Explain how the concept of birefringence is used in a beam splitter. Part (c): What's the orientation and retardance of retarder-1 to make both beams have same intensity? Part (d): What's the...

Homework Statement Find the angle ϕ between the filter's polarizing axis and the direction of polarization of light necessary to increase the ratio of the clouds' intensity to that of the blue sky so that it is three times the normal value. Express your answer in degrees to four significant...

I have been searching through some of the literature, as well as this forum - but I have not found a clear explanation on how exactly the B-modes in the CMB polarization pattern are caused by gravitational waves. I have seen Wayne Hu's pages ( see for instance...

The data points of the polarization of the CMB are a magnitude and an orientation that varies between 0° and 180°. What kind of mathematical field is that, not quite a vector field? Thanks for any help!

Describe the state of polarization represented by (here w = omega and TT = pi) a) Ex = Esin(kz - wt) & Ey = Ecos(kz - wt) b) Ex = Ecos(kz - wt) & Ey = Ecos(kz - wt + TT/4) c) Ex = Esin(kz - wt) & Ey = Esin(kz - wt)

This is a problem from Boyd Nonlinear Optics chptr 1 problem 2. Homework Statement Numerical estimate of nonlinear optical quantities. A laser beam of frequency ω carrying 1 W of power is focused to a spot size of 30μm diameter in a crystal having a refractive index of n =2 and a second order...

Is light wave always linearly polarized?

Hi, as I understand it, in hydrogen with its electron in the p-orbital there is a charge polarization (negative in the direction of the dumb-bell orbitals, positive in the other directions). Is this also the case for positronium in the p-orbital state ? I'd guess there cannot be any...

I have a disagreement with a Quantum mechanical scientist about a double slit experiment with polarizers, which gives interference or not depending on "which path" knowledge of the photon. That is alright with me, but I can calculate the same results with classical wave formula. He does not...

Hi, i have a question about the center of mass change during photon emission in terms of the polarization of the emitted photon. first, a few facts are as follows: i) selection rule: if delta m=0, that means p (atomic recoil) = p (photon) in magnitude. This is of pi transition and...

Hello i wasn't sure if to ask this in here or in homework! I stumbled upon an assignment to build the model of photon gas in 2D space. in the answer it was stated that the light have 2 polarization states in 2D model, how come? the field have only one way to propagate regarding the wave...

Hello all! My friend and I are having a bit of a discussion. We did an experiment on liquid crystals as dielectrics with changing voltage, and we came across some weird conclusions (capacitance decreased with increasing voltage? odd. Our theory is that liquid crystals don't act as normal...

Hi there all, I am a little confused about polarization. If I have a laser beam incident on a single polariser, if I adjust the angle of the polarizers transmission axis so that it is aligned with the plane of polarization of the incident laser beam does it intensity remain unchanged, or does...

Suppose we consider a proton where we set the electric charge of the three quarks towards zero. At this point I assume we still would have the three quarks bound together? Now reduce the strength of the strong force by say ten times. I was told in posts that the radius of the proton depends on...

Consider a dielecrtic with polarization P=(a+b/T)\epsilon and heat capactiy C\epsilon=A+B\epsilon, where a and b are constants. Show that B=2bV/T2 and find the isothermal dielectric constant \kappael. Use properties of G(T,\epsilon) I'm really not sure where to start with this one. Any help...

Homework Statement A powerful research laser produces pulses of light, wavelength 527nm, containing 300j of energy in 1.0x10^-9 seconds. and concentrated into an area with diameter 1.0x10^-4 m. Assume that the pulse is uniform over its area and uniform in time over its nanosecond...

Homework Statement Hey guys. I have an electromagnetic wave traveling in the z direction and polarized in the x direction. The frequency is 1 MHz and average power density is 1 W/m^2. An antenna in the shape of a circular wire is in the xy-plane centred at the origin. I would like to use...

Hello everybody :) I'm doing some electromagnetic exercises, but I got stuck in calculating the polarization of a plane wave. The complex field associated to the wave is the following \vec{E} = (\sqrt{2}\hat{x}+\hat{y}-\hat{z})e^{-2\pi 10^6(y+z)} = \hat{p}e^{-2\pi 10^6(y+z)} It is easy to...

Why do polarization mechanisms decrease with frequency in the following order: Space charge/Interface Dipole Ionic Electronic See page 3 in the attached document for reference. Edit: corrected error in wording

Maxwell-Wagner polarization is generally described in literature as the polarization of interfaces, such as grain boundaries, with an applied electric field. In the Wikipedia article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars_polarization), it's mentioned that "the charges are often...

Homework Statement Determine the state of polarization of the following wave and its azimuthal angle: ##E= \sqrt{3} E_0 \cos(kz-\omega t) \hat{x} + E_0 \cos(kz- \omega t + \pi) \hat{y}## The Attempt at a Solution How do I calculate the azimuthal angle? :confused: My textbook only says...

Homework Statement In a slab of Teflon (εr=2.1), the electric field is E= 6Ux+12Uy-20Uz V/m. Find D and P (BTW εr stands for the relative dielectric constant) Homework Equations D=(ε0)(εr)E P=D-(ε0)E The Attempt at a Solution (a)...

Hello, Homework Statement We use an accelerator to uniformly implant electrons in a block of lucite, its surface is 25 cm², thickness 12mm. The current of the electron beam is 0,1 µA and the implantation takes 1s. The electrons are "trapped" in a layer of uniform density of 2mm thickness...

If you have played around with polarizers you might have noticed that flipping a polarizer by 180o about the vertical axis has the same result as rotating it by 90o about the horizontal axis[i.e. flipping so that the face of the polarizer which was facing away now faces you has the same effect...

Hi, I'm sorry this is a silly question. My basic understanding of EMR is that it is an oscillating electric field perpendicular to an oscillating magnetic field, and my basic understand of polarization is that it let's either horizontally or vertically oriented EMR through. How can that be if...