Positive Definition and 987 Threads

Positive liberty is the possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions. A concept of positive liberty may also include freedom from internal constraints.The concepts of structure and agency are central to the concept of positive liberty because in order to be free, a person should be free from inhibitions of the social structure in carrying out their free will. Structurally, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism and racism can inhibit a person's freedom. As positive liberty is primarily concerned with the possession of sociological agency, it is enhanced by the ability of citizens to participate in government and have their voices, interests, and concerns recognized and acted upon.
Isaiah Berlin's essay "Two Concepts of Liberty" (1958) is typically acknowledged as the first to explicitly draw the distinction between positive and negative liberty.

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  1. T

    Proving 2n ≤ 2^n for All Positive Integers n

    Homework Statement [/B] Show that the statement holds for all positive integers n 2n ≤ 2^n Homework Equations Axiom of induction: 1 ∈ S and k ∈ S ⇒ k + 1 ∈ S The Attempt at a Solution Let S be set of integers 2(1) ≤ 2^1, so S contains 1 k ∈ S, 2k ≤ 2^k I want to show k + 1 ∈ S, 2k +...
  2. gracy

    Potential difference: positive or negative?

    Why potential at a point can only be obtained by supposing/assuming a positive test charge there? For example There was a question In figure two points A and B are located in a region of electric field.,The potential difference ##VB##-##VA## is 1-positive 2-Negative 3-zero 4-none of the...
  3. anemone

    MHB Solve for positive integer solutions

    Find the positive integer numbers $a$ and $b$ such that $65(a^3b^3 + a^2 + b^2) = 81(ab^3 + 1)$.
  4. S

    Why do I have to make gravity positive to make this work?

    Homework Statement Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley as shown in the figure below. m1 = 7.10 kg, m2 = 7.10 kg, and ϕ = 56°. When released from rest, m1 accelerates downward at 0.972 m/s2. For this to happen, the coefficient of kinetic friction...
  5. gracy

    Positive work:direction of external force

    If an electron is brought near the proton from infinity,potential energy of the electron decreases so work done must be positive because the change in potential energy is the NEGATIVE of the work done .But how ?I mean for work done to be positive, force and displacement should be parallel to...
  6. S

    Why is the voltage across this parallel circuit positive?

    Homework Statement The problem along with its solution are attached in TheProblemAsWellAsSolution.jpeg file. For this post, I'm only referring to part (a), since part (b) is the same thing with another number. Homework Equations V = IR Parallel circuit: ##I = I_1 + I_2 + . . . + I_n## The...
  7. F

    Holes as positive charge carriers in semiconductors

    Hello Forum, An electric current is the flow of electric charge: charge in motion. The charges can be electrons, ions, etc. movingi in a solid, liquid, gas. When dealing with semiconductors the concept of hole is introduced. I understand that only the electrons are moving and the constitute...
  8. gracy

    Electric field lines of positive source charge end on ....?

    I have read that electric field lines of positive source charge end on negative charge and Today I came to know that electric field lines of positive source charge end on infinity,which one is correct?I think electric field lines of positive source charge end on infinity if the positive source...
  9. R

    A semicircular loop of radius a carries positive charge Q....

    Homework Statement A semicircular loop of radius a carries positive charge Q distributed uniformly... Find the electric field at the loop's center (point P in the figure). Hint: Divide the loop into charge elements dq as shown in the figure, and write dq in terms of the angle dθ, then...
  10. Titan97

    Why is electron affinity positive?

    I was reading thermodynamics and about Born Haber cycle. There, I found that the values given for electron affinity are positive. When an electron is added to flourine, it attains noble gas configuration. So i t becomes more stable. So shouldn't the reaction be exothermic?
  11. ericdmurphy

    Positive and Negative Adjustable Current Supply (3.3mA)

    Hello, I was looking for some sort of chip/IC that would accept a digital input of say 4-5 bits and that would adjust an output current. I am looking to have a +/-3.3mA current applied to a resistive load. It would also be helpfull (for testing purposes) if I could adjust the inputs so that I...
  12. Y

    Find the smallest positive integer

    Homework Statement For a positive integer ##n##, let ##a_n=\frac{1}{n} \sqrt[3]{n^{3}+n^{2}-n-1}## Find the smallest positive integer ##k \geq2## such that ##a_2a_3\cdots a_k>4## Homework Equations The restrictions are the only relevant thing I can think of The Attempt at a Solution I have...
  13. M

    Help:Why do electrons go from negative to positive?

    Hi, I'm confused and need some help. What I thought happens in a battery is that the anode (the positive electrode) attracts the anions, it then goes through oxidation by taking the electrons and those electrons move through the closed circuit to the cathode and reduction is done. If that is...
  14. Sharvina Gungah

    Why the electric field around a positive charge is always directed away from it?

    Hello everyone! My question is: why the electric field around a positive charge is always directed away from it? and why not towards?
  15. D

    Proving e^x=x^e for only one positive x

    Hi, I'm teaching myself calc 2, and could use some help with a problem I'm not sure how to solve: Problem: Prove that x^e=e^x has only one positive solution. Relevant equations (I think?): b^x = a^(loga(b)*x) - base change for logarithms The attempt at a solution: e^x=x^e=e^(ln(x)*e) - base...
  16. S

    Standard unit vector in the positive z direction?

    http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/CalcIII/CurlDivergence.aspx In the above link, in the 2nd to last blue box on the page (where it tells how to solve a line integral with respect to a vector field using the curl), it says that the line integral of vector field F with respect to r (with an...
  17. DameLight

    Torque: Applied Forces Pos/Neg?

    Hi, I have a question regarding the forces applied on an object that create the torque. I understand that the resulting torque is pos if the object turns counter clock wise and is neg if it turns clock wise and that you can also use the right hand rule to find the direction of the net torque...
  18. anemone

    MHB Can Positive Integers Satisfy the Equation $ab+bc+ca=1+5\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}$?

    Solve for positive integers the equation $ab+bc+ca=1+5\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}$.
  19. X

    MHB Find Positive Square Root of 30

    find the positive square root of 70-20\sqrt{30}
  20. I

    Determinant and symmetric positive definite matrix

    As a step in a solution to another question our lecture notes claim that the matrix (a,b,c,d are real scalars). \begin{bmatrix} 2a & b(1+d) \\ b(1+d)& 2dc \\ \end{bmatrix} Is positive definite if the determinant is positive. Why? Since the matrix is symmetric it's positive definite if the it...
  21. S

    Positive work while lifting an object

    According to work formula $$ W = \mathbf F\cdot\Delta\mathbf x $$ and $$ W = F\Delta x\cos\theta $$ If an object falls: F = Gravitational Force = negative Delta x = Final Position - Initial Position = negative ==> (Like 2 - 5 = -3 ; because it is falling) cos 0 = 1 ==>(because x and F have...
  22. anemone

    MHB Solving for x: Four Positive Real Numbers

    Let $a,\,b,\,c,\,d$ be different positive real numbers such that $a+\dfrac{1}{b}=b+\dfrac{1}{c}=c+\dfrac{1}{d}=d+\dfrac{1}{a}=x$. Find $x$.
  23. wabbit

    De Sitter Vacuum: Is it the Only Positive CC Solution?

    Assuming a spacetime with zero Weyl curvature and an Einstein tensor proportional to the metric, is it true that in a finite neighborhood of any point, that spacetime must be isometric to a de Sitter vacuum, or are there other possible solutions, and if so how are they classified? Thanks
  24. anemone

    MHB Proving $m+n=xy$ Using Positive Real Numbers

    Let $x,\,y,\,m,\,n$ be positive real numbers such that $m^2-m+1=x^2$, $n^2+n+1=y^2$ and $(2m-1)(2n+1)=2xy+3$. Prove that $m+n=xy$.
  25. C

    Why is the central electrode in a G.M. tube positive?

    Why is the central electrode in a Geiger-Muller tube always positive (and not negative)? Many thanks!
  26. ChrisVer

    Positive integral for two functions

    I am feeling stupid today...so: Is the following statement true? \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} f(x) g(x) \ge 0 if f(x) \ge 0 and 0< \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} g(x) < \infty (integral converges)? If yes, then how could I show that? (It's not a homework) I am trying to understand how the...
  27. M

    Isometry group of positive definite matrices

    Hi, Consider P the space of n by n positive definite matrices. Let <X,Y>_p = trace(p^-1 X p^-1 Y) where p in P be the metric tensor on P so that it is a Riemannian manifold. The general linear group G acts on P by phi: G X P -> P, phi(g,p) = phi_g(p)=gpg' (g' means g transpose). This a...
  28. Dennis C

    Pump NPSHA (net positive suction head) question

    Simple (I hope) pump question. With the pump not even running, would like to know what my static NPSHa is if I had a flooded pump suction with 10 feet suction head of water and a vacuum of 27" Hg above the water? Basically it is the hotwell from a condensing turbine exhaust after the steam...
  29. KleZMeR

    Vector Potential of Hertzian with Two Positive Charges

    Homework Statement Find the vector potential from two oscillating point charges on the z axis. Homework Equations z_+ = -z_0cos(\omega t) q1_+ = q2_+ = q The Attempt at a Solution I know how to solve this problem when the two charges are equal and opposite, but now the two oscillating...
  30. ognik

    MHB Show eigenvalues are real and positive (too easy?)

    I'm given that the matrices Jx, Jy, Jz are Hermitian (they are angular momentum components). Show the eigenvalues of J2 = Jx2 + Jy2 + Jz2 are real and non-negative. My proof seems too easy, I'd appreciate improvements to it: i) The eigenvalues of an Hermitian matrix are real ii) The square...
  31. J

    What does it mean to take positive rational numbers to whole

    What does it mean to take positive rational numbers to whole-number powers?
  32. S

    MHB Kernel of integral eq of positive terms only

    Again it's the Fredholm integral equation of the 2nd type, that is $y(x)=f(x)+\int_{a}^{b} \,k(x,t) y(t) dt$ , where $a,b>0$ I am taking the norm of the integral operator equal to $||K||= max ([a,b] \int_{a}^{b} \,|k(x,t)| dt$ the kernel is represented by a series of positive terms only or...
  33. D

    Question about magnitude positive y direction

    Hello everybody. If I choose the positive y direction to be vertically downwards, and the positive x direction to be to the right, and take the cross product y cross x, then the direction of the resultant is out of the page (if I draw x and y as lines on paper). The magnitude is yx sin(φ)...
  34. anemone

    MHB Solving $x^3+y^3+z^3=(x+y+z)^2$ with Positive Integers

    Find all solutions in positive integers $z<y<x$ to the equation $x^3+y^3+z^3=(x+y+z)^2$.
  35. D

    Is current the flow of protons or just the movement of holes

    I know that current flows in the opposite direction of electrons but I'm confused as to whether it is the movement of holes like in a semiconductor or if there are actual positive particles flowing that way.
  36. M

    Introduction to Electrostatics -- Positive charges at the corners of a triangle

    Homework Statement Three positive particles of charges 11 μC are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side 15.0 cm. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force on each particle. Homework Equations Coulomb's Law The Attempt at a Solution I think, that this is easy...
  37. CKaiL

    How do I check if it is a positive charge or negative charge?

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution [/B] The electric field at the origin O, due to charges Q, q1 and q2, is equal to zero Hence , EQ = Eq1 q = cos30 x 300 x10^-9/4 * 1.8^2 = 210 x10^-9 C So I am able to find out that q = 210 x 10^-9 C and that mean that B and C...
  38. A

    2 Q's: EM radiation produced by positive charge

    I have 2 questions about EM radiation produced by an occilating electric charge. Q1: With graphs of electromagnetic fields, you can see that it contains an electric and magnetic component. What does these mean or give information about? Q2: By occilating the charge, you will get such a graph...
  39. andyrk

    Why does O acquire a positive charge in the reaction

    The reaction is shown in the image attached. So the lone pair over O goes into making a bond with C. But why does it create a + over O? A + means the number of protons are one more than electrons, or deficiency of 1 electron. But if the lone pair is used up for making a bond, shouldn't it result...
  40. J

    Electric field and positive and a negative charge

    This is not a homework question, but a question I am stuck on in my textbook. I have the answer but struggling to understand it. Homework Statement Picture below with answer. A positive and a negative charge of equal magnitude are placed at a distance 's' from each other on the x-axis as...
  41. T

    Positive Mass Theorem: Explained Simply for Gravity Shielding

    Can anyone explain it to me as simply as possible? I try reading it on wikepedia but I still don't understand. I need to know this in order to know why gravity shielding is not possible.
  42. grandpa2390

    Quick lens problem, is f positive or negative

    Homework Statement the focal point is said to be real and positive for concave mirrors and virtual and negative for convex spherical mirrors. what if the problem gives you the focal point for a spherical convex as 15 cm. am I supposed to take it that the the focal point should be plotted one...
  43. R

    Is the Velocity negative or positive?

    Homework Statement If you were to throw a large log over the edge of the Grand Canyon and it took 5.65 seconds to hit the ground, calculate the velocity of the log at impact in m/s and calculate the distance the log fell in feet.[/B]Homework Equations vf=vi+at[/B]The Attempt at a Solution So...
  44. J

    What does it mean to take positive rational numbers to whole

    How do you do it
  45. anemone

    MHB Solving for Positive Integer $x$ and $y$ in $\dfrac{2^x}{y!}$

    If $\dfrac{1}{9!1!}+\dfrac{1}{7!3!}+\dfrac{1}{5!5!}+\dfrac{1}{3!7!}+\dfrac{1}{1!9!}=\dfrac{2^x}{y!}$ find $x,\,y$ where they are positive integers.
  46. anemone

    MHB Proving Inequality with Positive Real Numbers $x,\,y,\,z$

    Let $x,\,y,\,z$ be positive real numbers such that $xy+yz+zx=3$. Prove the inequality $(x^3-x+5)(y^5-y^3+5)(z^7-z^5+5)\ge 125$.
  47. N

    What is the purpose/function of negative and positive wiring

    This question pertains to all things negative and positive. Such as: batteries, wirings, and atoms. Mainly my confusion comes from the actual purpose. For instance, why does a battery need a negative and positive wire? what function does this serve? why is this distinction of negative and...
  48. D

    Opamp's stabilty in positive feedback

    i simulated the circuits in an mobile app. below is another circuit with negative feedback i understand how the second circuit works(-ve feedback) but the first circuit... here is how the -ve feedback works(i think) we apply 1 volt to inverting input the output keeps falling(since the input is...
  49. Z

    Example of a local field of positive characteristic?

    I am looking for a local field of positive characteristic, like Q22 was used in this article: http://8pic.ir/images/s9oiiuqqkq989w3posu9.png in fact, i need an another Example of a local field of positive characteristic like Q22 .
  50. nomadreid

    Is the Matrix B Positive or Not?

    In the website http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/Winter2009/RalucaRemus/Lecture2/lecture2.html, the author says that the matrix B= 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 is not positive, yet in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonnegative_matrix I read "A positive matrix is a matrix in which all the...
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