Process Definition and 1000 Threads

A process is a series or set of activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic.
Things called a process include:

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  1. M

    Is the Angular Equation Divided by Radius in This Example?

    attached is an example question i am working through, i would appreciate if anybody could explain to me the part in the red box. I understand the relationship linear acceleration = ang acceleration*radius however, this working appears to divide the angular equation by the radius? thanks
  2. S

    Renewal Process: laplace transform approach

    Homework Statement Use the Laplace transform approach to find the renewal function for a renewal process with interrenewal p.d.f. as follows: g(x) = (c^2)xe^(-cx) , x > 0 The Attempt at a Solution M*(s) = G*(s)/(1-G*(s)) where M*(s) and G*(s) denote laplace transforms I have that G*(s) =...
  3. P

    What is the role of zero-momentum frame in two-photon collision processes?

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Zero-momentum frame is defined as the frame in which total momentum is zero. The Attempt at a Solution (a) In terms of the zero momentum variables, (e1 and e1 are to distinguish the two resultant particles) \vec{p'}_{HE} +...
  4. A

    Irreversible process Entropie-Change/cylinder

    Hi, I have read that for an irreversible process the equation for the entropy is: $$ds>\frac{dQ}{T}$$ But if I regard a cylinder connected to a heatreservoir and want to callculate the entropychange of this cylinder, why can I use the equation: $$ds=\frac{dQ}{T}$$? THX
  5. W

    Entropy change in isochoric process

    Homework Statement Hi everyone In an isochoric process ( a solid heat body with T1 temp. connected with heat bath with T2 temp) we could calculate its entropy change(heat body) from dS = Cv/T dT and entropy change of heat bath from dS = dQ / T2, using dQ = Cv dT in 1st equation ( i...
  6. G

    Schools European university masters program admission process

    Looking at some German/Swiss masters programs (mainly computational mechanics in Stuttgart, München, Lausanne) but having a tough time figuring out the admission process for international students. Do they generally only look at your bachelor's degree GPA and nothing else or does other stuff...
  7. J

    Poisson Process Conditional Distribution

    Homework Statement X_t and Y_t are poisson processes with rates a and b n = 1,2,3...Find the CDF F_X{}_t{}_|{}_X{}_t{}_+{}_Y{}_t{}_={}_n(x)Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution F_X{}_t{}_|{}_X{}_t{}_+{}_Y{}_t{}_={}_n(x) =P(X_t<x|X_t+Y_t=n) =\frac{P(X_t<x,X_t+Y_t=n)}{P(X_t+Y_t=n)} Not...
  8. E

    Does this type of process have a name?

    E(Xn+1+i)=Ʃn+ij=i+1 cj-iXj, where Ʃnj=1 cj = 1. n is a fixed constant here, c is a fixed set of n coefficients. Can anyone tell me anything about such a process?
  9. A

    What is the relationship between entropy and the irreversibility of a process?

    Hi, I regard a irreversible cycle process. It is a cylinder filled with gas, which underlies the following processes: 12: isothermal compression (reversible) 23: adiabatic expansion (reversible) 31: isochor heating (irreversible) [This happens by connecting the cylinder with a...
  10. N

    Chemistry Chemical Process Analysis - Mole Flow Rate

    Homework Statement 120 mol/min of Propane (C3H8) is burned in the presence of air (21% O2 and 79% N2) in a furnace, two reactions occur: Complete Combustion: 67%, propane is burned to CO2 and H2O Incomplete Combustion: 18%, propane is burned to CO and H2O Oxygen is supplied at 70%...
  11. X

    Galvanizing: A Surface Treatment?

    For the basis of a report in university, i have been given an assignment which involves discussing various surface treatments. Is galvanizing a surface treatment? Some sources refer to it as a surface coating because obviously it involves building up layers of zinc oxide.
  12. C

    Is Conservation of Energy Sufficient for Deriving the Adiabatic Process?

    Most of the book using PV=nRT for PV^gamma constant for adiabatic process. However, please refer attachment, proving using conservation of energy will also make sense?
  13. P

    Identify process in a heat engine

    Homework Statement I'm taking a practice test and I need some help with a heat engine problem. There are three parts, the one that's giving me trouble is a-->b. The Volume v. Pressure graph shows a straight line. Pa= 5 atm Va= 5 L Ta=300K and Tb=800K are given. So pressure is decreaseing...
  14. M

    Random process derived from Markov process

    I have a query on a Random process derived from Markov process. I have stuck in this problem for more than 2 weeks. Let r(t) be a finite-state Markov jump process described by \begin{alignat*}{1} \lim_{dt\rightarrow 0}\frac{Pr\{r(t+dt)=j/r(t)=i\}}{dt} & =q_{ij} \end{alignat*} when i \ne...
  15. F

    Idea gas law applied to throttling process

    Hi all. I'm trying to become acquainted with thermal dynamics. I thought I had a fairly good handle on the idea gas law, PV=nRT, or PV=mRT, but I came across a problem involving the throttling of an idea gas, and the solution was totally not what I expected. Referring to picture where gas...
  16. M

    Fischer–Tropsch process and catalysts?

    I want to know what catalyst is used in the Fischer–Tropsch process to get fuels.
  17. 5

    Process for finding a definite integral

    Homework Statement given that ∫01 xndx = 1/ n+1 for integers n \geq 0 calculate these integrals Homework Equations ∫01 (1+x+x2) dx The Attempt at a Solution I have found the definite integral of ∫01 (1+x+x2) dx to = 1.8333... (ie. 11/6) but all I did was use my TI-84 to find...
  18. S

    Poisson Process: interevent times

    Homework Statement Consider a one-way road where the cars form a PP(lambda) with rate lambda cars/sec. The road is x feet wide. A pedestrian, who walks at a speed of u feet/sec, will cross the road if and only if she is certain that no cars will cross the pedestrian crossing while she is on...
  19. P

    Question regarding Rolling process

    In a rolling process, the state of stress of the material undergoing deformation is a) pure compression b) pure shear c) compression and shear d) tension and shear Which one is the correct option ? Please explain why !
  20. russ_watters

    Revolutionary Process Reduces Coal Pollution by 99%

    http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/02/20/coal-cleanest-energy-source-there-is/?intcmp=HPBucket#ixzz2LUZ8Z69v I'm not seeing it. The problem is obvious: The primary combustion products of coal are water and carbon dioxide. The proportions vary with the type of coal, but a considerable...
  21. S

    Any energy generation process means mass loss?

    Hello all, Considering that Einstein told us that E=mc2, that means that any energy is generated at a cost of mass loss? to be more specific: When a power plant generates energy by burning gas or coal, a part of the particles in the fuel burned simply disappear and can't be found in the...
  22. F

    Non-flow process with steam (Constant Pressure) Part II

    In a non-flow process, 0.6kg of steam at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 235°C is cooled at a constant pressure in a cylinder. After 45 minutes the cylinder contains 0.12 kg of saturated water and 0.48kg of dry saturated steam. Calculate (a)the change in internal energy, the work...
  23. F

    Non-flow process with steam (Constant Pressure)

    Question 1 In a closed system, 0.6kg of wet steam at a pressure of 5 bar and a dryness fraction of 0.2 is heated at constant pressure until the volume occupied is 0.18m3. (A)Calculate the change in internal energy, the work energy and the heat energy transferred during the process. Question 2...
  24. J

    Equation of polytropic process as dS=f(n)

    Hej, basicaly what I have is a program that calculates states of the gas in Carnot cycle (Jet engine). Now my intention is to plot it in T-S diagram. To do that, knowing the states after an each component of engine, I need to evaluate a temperature as a function of Enthropy change knowing only...
  25. J

    Drell Yan Process: Gamma-Star, Z, and W Mediators

    https://particle.phys.uvic.ca/twiki/pub/Main/AlisonFaulkner/Drell-Yan.jpg The Feynman diagram for Drell Yan has a gamma-star or a Z as the mediator. Does gamma-star simply mean a photon with a sizeable amount of energy? Is there a well-defined point in the energy of the mediator when it's a Z...
  26. H

    Text book suggestion for stochastic process

    Hello. I plan on doing independent study on the Stochastic Process and time series models. I have already learned two semesters worth of statistics (Mathematical Statistics and Applications by Wackerly, Mendenhall and Scheaffer). And I have taken a semester of multiple regression models. I...
  27. T

    How to find the error in this particular integration process?

    Homework Statement The problem, more like a riddle, that our teacher gave it to us was to find the error in this particular equation: integral of 1/x dc = ln (absolute value of (x)) + C ; perfectly fine integral of dx/3x = 1/3 integral of dx/x ; also fine 1/3 integral dx/x = 1/3 ln...
  28. S

    Solving 2-D Crystal Process Avrami Equation: Find k

    Homework Statement A two dimensional crystal process is modeled by an Avrami equation phi(t)= 1-exp(-k*t^2), where k>0. Experimental observation suggests that the inflection point of phi occurs at t=2 hours. Find the dimension and numerical value of k. Homework Equations I know how to...
  29. R

    Infinitesimal generators of bridged stochastic process

    I hope someone can put me on the right track here. I need to derive the infinitesimal generator for a bridged gamma process and have come a bit stuck (its for a curve following stochastic control problem - don't ask). Any tips, papers, books that could guide me out of my hole would be greatly...
  30. C

    Designing a polymer coating process

    Hi everybody. My goal is to design a process that, with no automated machinery (I'm using a mechanical pipette), would allow for extremely uniform coverage (that is, with minimal area of multilayers or empty spaces) of a hydrophilic surface with a thin film of polymer solution. I would...
  31. J

    Example of a non-Gaussian stochastic process?

    Consider stochastic process ##X(t)## with properties $$ \langle X(t) \rangle = 0, $$ $$ \langle X(t) X(t-\tau) \rangle = C_0e^{-|\tau|/\tau_c}. $$ For example, the position of a Brownian particle in harmonic potential can be described by ##X##. In that case, the probability...
  32. A

    Autocorrelation of a wiener process

    Let \phi(t) be a Brownian Walk (Wiener Process), where \phi\in[0,2\pi). As such we work with the variable z(t)=e^{i\phi(t)}. I would like to calculate E(z(t)z(t+\tau)) This is equal to E(e^{i\phi(t)+i\phi(t+\tau)}) and I know that E(e^{i\phi(t)})=e^{-\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{2}(t)}, where the...
  33. Y

    Isobaric Process, finding Change in Internal Energy

    Homework Statement Assume nitrogen gas (N2) is an ideal gas. n = 7.57 moles of N2 gas are heated isobarically (at constant pressure) from temperature To = 18.6 oC to temperature Tf = 50.9 oC. Find: c) ΔIE, the change in internal energy of the N2 gas Homework Equations Change in IE...
  34. Y

    Isobaric Process: Finding Q, E, W.

    Homework Statement n = 1.46 moles of ideal gas are heated isobarically (at constant pressure) from temperature To = 431 oC to temperature Tf = 1227 oC. Find: change in Energy, Q, W. Homework Equations Change in IE = Q + W W (isobaric process) = P(vf-v1) The Attempt at a Solution...
  35. Y

    Monatomic gas, Isochoric Process.

    Homework Statement n = 1.46 moles of ideal gas are heated isochorically (at constant volume) from tepmerature To = 649 oC to temperature Tf = 1184 oC. Find: a) Work done on the system. b) Change in Internal Energy of the system. c) The total heat, Q, added or removed from the system...
  36. I

    Proving a process is Brownian Motion

    Homework Statement Is the process \{X(t)\}_{t\geq 0}, where X(t)=\rho B_1(t)+\sqrt{1-\rho^2}B_2(t) Standard Brownian Motion? Where \rho\in(0,1), \ B_1(t) and B_2(t) are independent standard brownian motionsHomework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Obviously X(0)=0. Now let 0\leq...
  37. K

    Helium balloon problem adiabatic process

    Homework Statement A large research balloon containing 2000 m^3 of helium gas at 1.00 atm and a temperature of 15.0 celsius rises rapidly from ground level to an altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is only 0.900 atm (the figure (Figure 1) ). Assume the helium behaves like an ideal gas...
  38. D

    How to express Jump Process in terms of the generator (rate matrix) A

    Hi Guys I have problem to express the jump process as following ways. Please let me know your ideas~! Thank you so much. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Let (Xt)t≥0 be an irreducible continuous-time jump process on a nite state space...
  39. S

    Modify crystallization process by electromagnetic fields?

    Has anyone come across an example where electromagnetic fields have been applied during crystallization processes. For example to modify crystal properties like magnetization or to change the polymorphism. In principle the use of electric / magnetic fields should change the formation of a...
  40. J

    Discrete-time discrete-valued random process

    I have the random process: Sequence 1: 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 ... Sequence 2: 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 ... Sequence 3: 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 ... where let nature choose one of these sequences at random with equal probability 1/3. Can we say anything about this...
  41. F

    Calculating Work Energy Input for Compressing Air in a Piston-Cylinder Assembly

    A piston-cylinder assembly contains 20kg of air with a specific internal energy of 28K J/kg. It is compressed to a high pressure and the final specific internal energy is 65K J/kg. During the process there is a heat loss of 3.2K J. Determine the work energy input needed for the compressor...
  42. H

    What is a reversible cyclic process?

    I know carnot's cycle is an example. but what is it exactly? a cycle in which ever part of process has a 'counter-process' please elaborate.
  43. R

    Calculate work and heat in a cyclic process ?

    Homework Statement Consider n moles of ideal gas kept in a cylinder with a piston. Two heat reservoirs 1 and 2 with the temperatures T1 < T2 are available, and at any given moment of time the heat exchange is established with only one of the reservoirs. In the initial equilibrium state the...
  44. N

    Thermodynamics reversible isothermal process

    Homework Statement A system containing 10kg of water undergoes a reversible isothermal process. The initial state can be characterized as saturated vapor at 300°C. The pressure in the final state is 1MPa. The heat transfer during the process in (inKJ) Homework Equations Q = m(U2-U1)+W...
  45. karush

    MHB How to Calculate Area Using the Limit Process?

    I tried this by the limit process but somewhere can't find my error wolfram says it is 128.25 any suggest or find error?:cool:
  46. H

    Math puzzle that involve thought process

    A number of aliens, who have just dropped in from another planet, emerge from the spacecraft . (i) There is more than one alien (ii) each alien has the same number of fingers (iii) each alien has at least one finger on each hand. (iv) the total number of fingers of all the aliens is...
  47. I

    Ideal condition (or thought process) for a theory to be right.

    hello, This is my first post (attempt 2) Question. What is the probability of a theory being correct or valid if it was made under the following circumstances? Conditions: Very little knowledge of science, just a curious mind. Not looking at knowledge that is known and came...
  48. O

    Work done for irreversible process

    For reversible, work done =∫P dV Then for irreversible ,we can't use the above equation, because we have to consider the dissipative work. Correct? Thank you
  49. L

    Bernoulli single-server queueing process

    Homework Statement Performance of a car wash center is modeled by the single-server Bernoulli queueing process with 2-minute frames. Cars arrive every 10 minutes, on the average. The average service time is 6 minutes. Capacity is unlimited. If there are no cars at the center at 10 am, compute...
  50. A

    What is the process of peptization in chemistry

    I read on a website that by washing a precipitate with too much de-ionised water; the precipitate is Peptized and thus some precipitate is lost. I am having a hard time understanding what peptization is? Can somebody please help me understand in simple terms for an A level student?
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