Quantum Definition and 999 Threads

I can't figure out how they get i/sqrt(2) for normalisation of c1. Why is it a complex number? If I normalise c1 I just get 1/sqrt(2) because i disappears in the absolute value squared. Thanks

I'm a M.Sc physics student and I need to use quantum espresso for my research project . I tried the same procedure I used to install it on the system at home as I did for the one at the College but i keep getting the same error . I can't find why . I'm also new to linux . I'm using ubuntu and I...

Greetings, Given an infinite universe or an infinite number of universes? - Regarding the location of an electron around an atom, is there a tiny volume in which finding the electron 100%? Or is there a possibility, no matter how remote, it might be found a meter away or a kilometer away? -...

I'd like to understand how gravity does not combine with quantum mechanics. At least there is no accepted theory of quantum gravity, so I assume it is not solved? I'm only starting to learn QFT and eventually GR. Maybe, someone can already outline where those theories fail to combine and comment...

Does chaos amplify inherent quantum level randomness/uncertainty to macroscopic level?

I have found an answer to all of them (a-e) but I don’t know how to plot the function. Thanks!

I am reading a popular-science book Reality Is Not What It Seems by Carlo Rovelli, one of the founders of loop quantum gravity. He writes: and and So basically, space (spacetime) is just another quantum field like all the others, and the quanta of this field is the nod. Nods have volume...

I have a question regarding the storage capacity of quantum computers. I read that 32 qubits (4 "quantum bytes" if you will - not sure if that's an actual term or not yet) can store the equivalent of 500mb of data. Is this directly proportional? I.e., would 8 qubits store the equivalent of...

I am learning Dirac notations in intro to quantum mechanics. I don’t understand why the up arrow changes to down arrow inside the equation in c). My own calculation looks like this:

I have a lecture slide that shows how to find S_x and S_y. I get all the steps except the last row. Where did 1/2 come from? I think my linear algebra needs polishing. Thanks!

According to professional scientific literature and to our best understanding, are there any suggestions that entanglement might imply some sort of faster than light signaling between the entangled particles? I know that according to relativity nothing can travel faster than light, but what...

Hi Pfs, When Stephen Hawking proposed the idea of black hole information it appeared that information could be lost. it was a problem in GR which is a dererminitic theory. Knowing initial data and Hamiltonian tells you what was and will be. It is not the case in quantum physics. things evolve...

I watched a video on the topic by Sabine Hossenfelder. Now it is said by many that this proves the photon "knows" something in advance because a certain state of a certain beam splitter can be probed in theory without the photon ever encountering that beam splitter because it took another path...

Assume I could produce a stream of calcium ions from a 2nm diameter nanotube by pushing them through the nanotube using coulomb repulsion. Assuming these coulomb repulsed ions produce a stream of entangled ions which then create a slowly emitting quasi static electric (near) field. Even if...

I have just finished my course on electromagnetism. Due to my performance, the professor has contact me for congratulations and asking, if i want, to join his quantum optics course for graduate students. Even so i think it is interesting to follow the advice, i am a little afraid if this...

What is the mechanism behind Quantum Entanglement? Why do only subatomic particles exhibit Quantum Entanglement?

A macroscopic object has the order of Avogadro’s number of particles. That’s over 10^23. So the probability of all of them tunneling, at the same time, is on the order of that original small probability, to the 10^23 power. And then on top of that, you have to factor in the chances of it...

Hi PFs, I am reading this paper written by carlo Rovelli: https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.1939 there are many things that i fail to understand, but i would like to begin with a simple thing. Rovelli write that: It is locally Lorentz invariant at each vertex, in the sense that the vertex amplitude...

Quantum gates must be reversible. The usual justification for this is that in QM the time evolution of a system is a unitary operator which, by linear algebra, is reversible (invertible). But I am trying to get a better intuition of this, so I came up with the following explanation: In order to...

I'm wondering about some aspects about black holes (BH) and singularities, but since all my questions have to do mostly with quantum mechanics, I placed this thread in here. OK, let's assume there IS a singularity in the middle of a BH. A) Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) says no two fermions...

Heisenberg is regarded as a major figure of the Copenhagen interpretation. In a certain degree, he is influenced by Logical positivism. Despite of that, has he any ontological commitments regarding the Quantum theory? Or, he considers the Quantum theory merely as calculation procedure for...

Quantum spin is orientable so it takes place in a space with an even number of dimensions. What is that space? If the space had an odd number of dimensions, then spin in that space wouldn't be orientable. But quantum spin is orientable. We could say that it is Minkowski space, but that space...

Homework Statement:: I would like to write a science fiction story on how alien quantum communication could work and how scientist on Earth build the first "radio" receiver, entangling Quantums over big distances randomly. Relevant Equations...

As per title and the TL;DR, I'm curious if there could be some truth in these statements of the headlines I had read recently or are they just sensationalist fluff. Personally, I find these statements very hard to believe. In fact, impossible to believe. But I'm not a QM expert, not even an...

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In the paper C. S. Lent and P. D. Tougaw, "A device architecture for computing with quantum dots," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 541-557, April 1997, doi: 10.1109/5.573 about quantum dots, it is stated that the basis vectors in the space of quantum states for a single cell...

David Wallace, The sky is blue, and other reasons quantum mechanics is not underdetermined by evidence, Manuscript (2022). arXiv:2205.00568. From the Abstract: ''I argue that there as yet no empirically successful generalization of'' [Bohmian Mechanics and dynamical-collapse theories like the...

In a) I get that T should be largest where V_0 is least wide, because when V_0 is infinitely wide the particle would be fully reflected. But I don't get how height in b) and energy levels height in c) correlates to T and R. Is it because of their k? I get the opposite answer from the correct...

I need them short. I need them so I can understand the basics of topological insulator and semi-metal.

I have solved c), but don’t know how to solve the integral in d. It looks like an integral to get c_n (photo below), but I still can’t figure out what to make of c) in the integral of d). I also thought maybe you can rewrite c) into an initial wave function (photo below) with A,x,a but don’t...

Researchers at the Center of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology released a study published by Nature describing a quantum device that models the motion of electrons in Polyacetylene. The device is not a general purpose quantum processor, but the methods they used...

All of my speculation is based on my current understanding of quantum physics as an art high school student who just has this as an interest, which is in no way at a quantum physicist's level so I apologize if this question is stupid. Also sorry for my English. Most, if not all of you reading...

The Casimir effect is a small attractive force that acts between two close parallel uncharged conducting plates. That force is caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. What is the cause of the fluctuations? Or, they are uncaused (random)? At least, what are the...

The dimension of the space of quantum states of multiple particles grows exponentially as the number of particles increases. I would have expected to more likely find the quantum state of many particles in a strange state (such as an entangled one) but it is not so, why? Why isn't the universe...

Hello. I need to code a project (solution of a typical problem or approaches to new one) of quantum computation and I want to study any solved project in order to understand the algorithms and how to run the script in a real quantum computer or simulator. Where can I found some repositories of...

Are/were there any quantum interpretation according to which quantum mechanics COMPLETELY cease to apply at the macroscopic scale? If YES, please name it. I am interested to learn about such interpretation, even if it is inadequate and not widely supported. Of course, the big question remains...

I want to do a masters related to quantum computing from a physics background and my criteria for the place is: 1. A quantum computing group with experimental realizations and industrial ties. 2. A strong theoretical physics department with research in fundamental physics 3. A good chance of...

Hey to all,... It is now generally believed that information is preserved in black-hole evaporation. This means that the predictions of quantum mechanics are correct whereas Hawking's original argument that relied on general relativity must be corrected. However, views differ as to how...

I graduated with Physics and Applied math degrees ~4 years ago with a really low gpa ~2.7 with research experience on CMS. I then completed a B.S. in Electrical Engineering last year with a 3.7 and a MS in Artificial Intelligence with a 4.0. Over the past 4 years I've been working as a...

I'm really not sure what the question expects me to do here but here is what I do know. If the state is an eigenstate it should satisfy the eigenvalue equation for example; $$\hat{H} f_m^l = \lambda f_m^l$$ but is the question asking me to use each operator on each state? How do I know if...

Hello, i need help with the S-matrix. From what i understand, with the S-matrix i would be able to compute the scattering amplitude of some processes, is that correct? If so, how would i be able to do that if i have some field ##\phi(x,t)## in hands? Is that possible?

I was doing some research into quantum entanglement but it is never well described how you break the bonds once they are formed does anyone have any expertise in this area on how to break quantum entanglement bonds? The best that I can understand is the bond is broken when interaction with the...

I know in RVB theory that neighbouring Copper atoms form singlet pairs via the superexchange "force". Upon doping with holes, these neutral singlet RVB pairs become mobile and charged and are able to superconduct. I know that the resonating valence bonds are in the copper 3d(x^2-y^2) orbital and...

Just earlier today i was practicing solving some ODEs with the power series method and when i did it to the infinite square well i noticed that my final answer for ##\psi(x)## wouldn't give me the quantised energies. My solution was $$\psi(x) = \sum^{\infty}_{n=0} k^{2n}(\cos(x) + \sin(x))$$...

Very basic question here, about statistical independence in quantum mechanical experiments. The quote from PD below is what prompted the question. When we talk about "some kind of pre-existing correlation" are talking about a simple correlation in the sense of the correlation of sunglasses and...

Hi, I'm Dutch, not any kind of Quark ;-) (so excuse me for any bad English) and I'm very curious about "how the universe works". Cosmology/astrophysics and modern physics (quantum, relativity). I find it all mighty intersting. Actually all physics and also how it's all developed and "evolved"...

(0:00 / 0:42) photon going light-speed blender simulation I have no idea how a mathematician would translate this example into an equation. Every time I've worked with soft bodies I seem to run short of mathematicians buddies. Regardless of the mathematics of continuous object deformation, this...

I'm trying to simulate the quantum Zeno effect using Mathematica and I need to apply von Neumann and projection operator on to same density matrix and in a loop one by one, it's basically switching between two evolutions in time., so I need help on how to do it.

Greetings everyone, Exactly as the title says. I am reaching to something strange and I do not know what I am missing. It must be something obvious... case 1: -L/2 to L/2 After taking the Schrodinger equation and considering potential equal to zero inside we reach at this...

So what am I doing wrong here? I can clearly observe it, I'm nearly sure I can tell which particles are going throw each slit if I used another laser too. My suspicion is that the electrical current of the photon detector that uses germanium or silicon to detect the particles are influencing the...