Solid Definition and 1000 Threads

In object-oriented computer programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by American software engineer and instructor Robert C. Martin, first introduced in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns.The SOLID concepts are

The Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change." In other words, every class should have only one responsibility.
The Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."
The Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it". See also design by contract.
The Interface segregation principle: "Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface."
The Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."The SOLID acronym was introduced later, around 2004, by Michael Feathers.Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development.

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  1. heycoa

    Solid State Physics | ionic crystal bonding | Born & Meyer equation

    Homework Statement 1) Find the expression for the equilibrium interatomic distance as a function of A, n, and α 2) Determine the expression for the binding energy at equilibrium. 3) Calculate the constant n for NaCl, using the data from the Table 1.2 of Omar book and the fact that the...
  2. J

    Solid of revolution knowing only area?

    Suppose I have a region R whose boundary extremely complicated. While it would take me hundreds of years to approximate the boundary with formulae, I can easily estimate the area of R within a desired precision. I want to find the volume of the solid of revolution of R . My intuition told...
  3. O

    Cylindrical coordinates, finding volume of solid

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid that the cylinder r = acosθ cuts out of the sphere of radius a centered at the origin.Homework Equations Cylindrical coordinates: x = rcosθ, y = rsinθ, z=z, r2 = x2+y2, tanθ = y/xThe Attempt at a Solution So I know that the equation for the sphere...
  4. A

    Contact angle of liquid drop on solid surface.

    Can anyone explain point 44 of the attached pdf document on surface tension. (Here's the link in case attachment doesn't work: http://www.sakshieducation.com/EAMCET/QR/Physics/Jr%20Phy/12Surface%20tension%20_198-208_.pdf) How is the surface tension direction found out? Also why is...
  5. F

    Make solid ice from supercooled water?

    Im having a discusion reguarding what temperature (celsius) supercooled water needs to be if it was to freeze completely solid. Going from liquid to solid "produces" heat. Therefor it is obvious that the temperature needs to be somewhat below zero. What temperature (celsius) is needed if all...
  6. MarkFL

    MHB B's question at Yahoo Answers involving a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: Here is a link to the original question: Find the volume V of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by x=16-(y-3)^2, x+y=7 about the x-axis? - Yahoo! Answers I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can find my response. First, let's take a look...
  7. L

    Finding Volume of Solid: Isosceles Right Triangle Cross-Sections

    Hi, I'm still practicing how to find volume. 1. My problem is this: "Find the volume of the solid described below: The base of the solid is the disk x^2 + y^2 ≤ 4. The cross-sections by planes perpendicular to the y-axis between y=-2 and y=2 are isosceles right triangles with one leg in the...
  8. S

    Solid of solids, pretty sure I got the wrong answer, not sure what I did wrong.

    The file is a PDF, but here is an imgur link, anyone?
  9. Greg Bernhardt

    Solid State Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel

    Author: Charles Kittel Title: Introduction to Solid State Physics Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/047141526X/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Contents:
  10. Greg Bernhardt

    Solid State Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft

    Author: Neil W. Ashcrof Title: Solid State Physics Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0030839939/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Prerequisities: Contents:
  11. C

    Free electrons in solid sphere of copper

    Homework Statement Use approximations to find the number of free electrons in a 4mm diameter solid sphere of copper. What fraction of its electrons have to be removed to leave a sphere with a charge of +50μC? Note that density of 29_Cu is 8.96 g/cm^3 and molar mass 63.54g/mol Hint: Atomic...
  12. S

    How to calculate the solid angle of a cone with cone axis arbitrary?

    I read that if the cone with apex angle 2α whose central axis is vertical, apex at the origin, then one can use spherical coordinate to calculate the solid angle of the cone ∫02∏∫0αsin\varphid\thetad\varphi However, what if the central axis is align to y-axis horizontally, instead of...
  13. A

    Shortest possible period of revolution of two identical gravitating solid spheres

    Homework Statement From K&K's 'Intro to Mechanics' Find the shortest possible period of revolution of two identical gravitating solid spheres which are in circular orbit in free space about a point midway between them. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So I figured...
  14. Y

    Please help with calculation involve solid angle.

    This is only an example from Kraus Antenna 3rd edition page 404. The question is really a math problem involves calculation of ratio of solid angles. Just ignore the antenna part. this is directly from the book: Example 12-1.1 Mars temperature The incremental antenna temperature for the...
  15. D

    Force on conductor carrying currentsurrounded by solid magnetic material

    i want to compare force on current carrying conductor , 1)placed in air surrounded by magnetic field 2)placed in the cylindrical cavity(without air gap but some electrical insulation) which is placed in magnetic field. please give me practically calculated answers with calculations.
  16. Hardik Batra

    Can a body be both solid and rigid?

    What is the main difference between Solid body and Rigid body ? Can you give me example some of them !
  17. I

    Is all electrical energy eventually lost as heat in solid state electronics?

    I've never heard it said before but it appears to me that all electrical current that flows in a solid state component system; processors, diodes, transistors, resistors, etc. is eventually dissipated as heat. What are your thoughts about this?
  18. C

    Charge distribution over a solid conductor

    I was watching a video on the internet about charge distributions over solid conductors. The solid conductor was heart shaped which was positively charged. The lecturer in the video said that when you touched this conductor, the charge would distribute itself non-uniformly over the surface of...
  19. D

    Finding gravitational potential inside solid sphere

    So I am given that the gravitational potential of a mass m a distance r away from the center of a spherical shell with mass m' is -Cm'/r for m outside the shell and constant for m inside ths shell. I am to find the potentials inside and outside a solid sphere (the earth) of radius R as well...
  20. M

    Why Do We Multiply Distance, Mass, and Gravity in Sum of Forces Calculations?

    Ok, so the formula I know to find weight is W=mg. Why is it that when doing a sum of forces in z they multiply (distance)(mass)(gravity) and not simply sum the gravity force that is mg?
  21. Y

    Find the volume of the solid revolved around a region

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of y2=4x, the line y=x, about A) x=4 B) y=4 So first I start out by graphing it The intercepts are at 0,0 and 4,4 I use the washers method since there is a gap in between the...
  22. L

    Find the centroid of the solid in part (a).

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid that lies above the cone ϕ=pi/3 and below the sphere ρ=4cosϕ . Homework Equations Find the centroid of the solid in part (a).. The Attempt at a Solution For the volume I got 10pi which I am fairly sure is correct. I attempted trying to...
  23. C

    Which should i take, solid state or stat mech?

    deciding between 2 grad courses next semester, solid state and stat mech. I've already taken the undergrad versions of both. Got an extremely low grade in solid state the first time, A in stat mech. Currently grad student in condensed matter physics. The solid state class will focus on...
  24. M

    Flux Equations for a Solid Surface and a Curve

    are both of the equations i posted flux equations. one of them is for a surface of a solid and the other is for a curve?
  25. Fantini

    MHB Volume of Revolution Solid: Finding the Answer

    Good morning everyone! I have been presented the following problem: Find the volume of the revolution solid around the $x$ axis of the region between the curves $y=x^2 +1$ and $y=-x^2 +2x +5$ for $0 \leq x \leq 3$. Finding the intersection of the curves yields $x=-1$ and $x=2$. Therefore, I...
  26. M

    Torque on a rotating solid conducting cylinder in B field

    Homework Statement panofsky 10.3 Find the torque on a solid conducting cylinder rotating slowly in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The Attempt at a Solution let the radius of cylinder r, and the conductivity is σ, the rotating angular...
  27. S

    Solid Elasticity, Steel Rod shortening

    Homework Statement We have a steel rod with density ρ = 7,90 kg/m^3. When it's horizontally on the floor, it's length is L = 6,00m. The rods surface area A is a circle with radius r=0,04m. Steel has Young modulus E=2,1 \cdot 10^{11} Now the rod is lifted up so it's vertically straight...
  28. P

    Solid of Revolution: Integration Boundaries Explained

    Hi, I have a question concerning solid of revolution. The bowl-shaped volume formed by rotating the area circumscribed between y=bcosh(1) and y=bcosh(x/a) around the y-axis was given to us by the instructor as pi*b*int [x^2*d(cosh(x/a))] between 0 and a. My question is why are the integration...
  29. M

    Find the centroid of the solid

    Homework Statement The solid bounded by the surface z=y2 and the planes x=0,x=1,z=1 I have a question regarding the limits of integration, would it be incorrect, if when I graphed z=y2 I changed it to a familiar xy graph instead I just graphed it as if z was y and x was y. Pretty...
  30. 3

    Solving 2.0 Moles of Monatomic Gas & Solid Thermal Interaction

    Homework Statement 2.0 moles of a monatomic gas interacts thermally with 2.0 moles of an elemental solid. The gas pressure decreases by 50 degrees C at constant volume. What is the temperature change in the solid? I missed this day in class and I have no idea where to even begin...
  31. M

    What is better Solid Works or Pro

    Hi! I am about to start a project on the effectiveness of conformal cooling in injection molding, where i will be designing the cooling channels for a mold. However, i do not know which software will be better for designing the cooling channels and performing the finite element and heat...
  32. L

    Heat transfer - Transient state involving a solid and a surface

    Homework Statement A thermometer for medical applications to determine the time required for the tip to reach a temperature of 37.95 C when in contact with the skin temperature of 38 C, starting from an initial value of 25 ° C. Admit that the tip of the thermometer is completely metallic...
  33. N

    Energy, Angular Momentum, Torque, solid ball rolling down loop track? help?

    Energy, Angular Momentum, Torque, solid ball rolling down loop track? help!? A solid brass ball of mass .280g will roll smoothly along a loop-the-loop track when released from rest along the straight section. The circular loop has radius R = 14.0 cm, and the ball has radius r<<R. (a) What is...
  34. C

    Thermal expansion coefficient of a Debye solid

    Homework Statement A solid's thermal expansion coefficient is defined as δ= \left(\frac{1}{V}\frac{∂V}{∂T}\right) In the Debye model and at the low-temperature limit, show that δ is a positive quantity and is proportional to T^{3}. At the high-temperature limit, show that δ is still...
  35. davidgruty

    Heat through a semi-infinity solid

    Hi there! I run into a situation where I can't go on. It's about a thermal analysis, I already made a simulation using Ansys but I also want an approach made "by hand". In order to simplify the case I made this example: We have a metallic bar inside the soil. The bar is at 100ºC and the...
  36. W

    Triple integral volume of solid (set up)

    Homework Statement I need help setting this integral up in spherical coordinates, the region above the xyplane, inside the sphere x^2+y^2+z^2=2 and outside the cylinder x^2+y^2=2 The Attempt at a Solution \int^{2\pi}_{0} \int^{\pi/2}_{\pi/4} \int^{\sqrt{2}}_{0}...
  37. L

    Solid hemisphere center of mass in spherical coordinates

    Hello, I am struggling with what was supposed to be the simplest calc problem in spherical coordinates. I am trying to fid the center of mass of a solid hemisphere with a constant density, and I get a weird result. First, I compute the mass, then apply the center of mass formula. I divide...
  38. D

    What is the Relation Between k and x in the Given Energy Function?

    Homework Statement I have an energy function as follows: E = \dfrac{\hbar^2}{2m_e}k_x^2+E_0\left(n_y^2+1\right) Where E_0 = \dfrac{\pi^2\hbar^2}{2m_eL_z} I am asked to plot this energy for x\in ]-L_z/2;L_z/2[ I know everything but not the relation between k and x?. The Attempt at a...
  39. W

    How Do I Set Up a Double Integral for a Cylinder's Volume in Polar Coordinates?

    Homework Statement I want to convert this into polar and use double integral to find the volume of the solid in this region. I just need help setting this up region Q: x^2+y^2≤9, 0≤z≤4 I know this is a cylinder with a height of 4. I am just having trouble incorporating this height into the...
  40. C

    Is Entropy Extensive in an Ideal Solid?

    \frac{}{}Homework Statement Starting from S(E,N)=c(N)+3Nk[1+LN(\frac{E}{3Nh\nu})], derive a version of the Entropy, S(E,N) of an ideal solid that is extensive, that is, for which S(\lambdaE,\lambdaN)=\lambdaS(E,N) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Basically have to...
  41. C

    Alloy compounds vs alloy solid solutions?

    Hi, What is the difference between alloy compounds and solid solutions I understand so far that solid solutions are homogeneous in composition, which must mean that one, two or more different atoms have same crystal packing structure when combined to form a solid solution.
  42. D

    Torques(Equilibrium of Solid Objects) Homework Problem - James Bond

    Homework Statement James Bond and Dr. No are engaged in fisticuffs on a board overhanging a pool. Dr. No now pulls out his weapon. oh no!. Bond is in trouble again. Bond quickly calculates the torques and leaps off the left end of the board leaving Dr. No on the right. Is Bond safe? That is...
  43. P

    Is Elementary Particles important for research in Solid State?

    Hi, So here is the contents of this Elementary Particles course: introduction to families of particles , relativistic kinematics applied to reaction cross-sections and decay rates; symmetries and conservation laws, isospin, strangeness, charm, beauty; parity and CP violation in weak...
  44. M

    How Do You Calculate the Volume of Mountains and Polluted Air Around a City?

    Homework Statement the function is y = -x^2+6x -8 suppose a city is surrounded by a ring of mountains and these mountains can be illustrated by rotating the above function around the y-axis. Find the volume of the Earth that makes up these mountains. Suppose the city suffers from air...
  45. V

    Surface area of solid of revolution (no calculus)

    Homework Statement Consider the region of the x y plane given by the inequality: x^2 + 4x + y^2 - 4x - 8 ≤ 0; If this region rotates an angle of π/6 radians around the line given by the equation x + y = 0, it will create a solid of revolution with surface area equal to (i)...
  46. R

    Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating it about the x-axis?

    Hey guys, I know it late its a little past one here. But I'm doing an assignment due tomorrow at I've been stuck on the last question for at least an hour. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded the curves Y=absolute value of x. and y = square root of (...
  47. A

    Elektron tranfer between solid material

    Hello, I'm new in here. And now i am in research about elektron transfer between solid material. Is this possible and reversible ? Does anyone ever try this ?
  48. S

    Linear Algebra: Solid Enclosed

    Homework Statement Let E be the solid enclosed by the paraboloid z = x2 + y2 and the plane z = 9. Suppose the density of this solid at any point (x,y,z) is given by f(x,y,z) = x2. Homework Equations x2 + y2 = r2 = 9; r = 3 ∫∫∫E x2 The Attempt at a Solution The limit of z is...
  49. A

    Angular acceleration of a bucket attatched to a solid cylinder

    Homework Statement This was a question from my homework. I got it wrong, even after asking my professor about it, and even though I can't get credit for it now, I'd like to know where I went wrong if anyone can help sort me out! "Water is drawn from a well in a bucket tied to the end of a...
  50. R

    Pushing solid objects and longitudinal waves

    Hi All, I am still trying to wrap my head around the five light year stick and the idea that if you push an object, it moves because longitudinal waves of compression force (?) are sent through the medium of whatever the object is made of: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=386687...
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