Atomic Definition and 853 Threads

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what is the shortest wavelength of light that an atom can radiate by electrons jumping shells, and longest wave length

Hello, Next semester I'll be in my 3rd year of a physics degree in a UK university and I'll have a course on Atomic Physics. The recommended textbooks are: D G C Jones (1997). Atomic Physics. G K Woodgate (1983). Elementary Atomic Structure. Does anyone know if they are good? Are there better...

This is one of the most powerful and incredible short movies I have ever seen. (I got the link to it from a friend today.) It contains clips of interviews of American soldiers who were exposed to real nuclear detonations. What they have to say is terrifying, intense and important. That's all I...

There are 3.35*10^25 molecules in one liter of water. If we are given a penny for every molecule, how high could you stack the pennies given that a stack of 17 pennies equals one inch? Or, to further reduce this large number into something more tangible, how many stacks equal to the distance...

I was studying about atomic masses and realized that even if we say that the atomic mass unit corresponds to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom. why is it that even particular isotopes of elements have atomic mass in decimal values. 1/12 of a carbon atoms mass should equal to the mass of a...

Found myself wondering about this recently, though I can't recall the context. When Mendeleev proposed the periodic table of elements, I believe that it was known that atomic weights of the known elements were multiples of hydrogen's atomic weight. Presumably also with substances like oxygen...

So I've been looking at covalent bonds and come across the approx you can do of the molecular orbital for ##H^+_2## by just summing two 1s orbitals, the method is called the linear combinations of atomic orbitals, and you get what is below which I believe is exact in this case since the 1s...

I drew a picture of the information in the problem (not sure if it is right), the red lines are the given values and green line can be calculated using the formula given. I don't know how to find the defects because the energy from 100d to 100g is missing...

I have a belief from something I read on the internet that the superscript 1 means that this is a singlet state so it can only hold one particle but then say 3^S_0 is a triplet so it could hold three. Then the first state I mentioned couldn't have a particle and an antiparticle in it , but the...

For any clock, the way I define accuracy of the clock is based on the Q factor (the ability to reject noise) and the inherent noise in the system. In that case, can you explain me why atomic clocks are so accurate? Do they have high Q factor? (if so, how)? or low noise to begin with?

I am studying the modes of operation of the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). I know there are three: contact, tapping and non-contact. Are they really used in both hard and soft matter physics? If so, how are the difficulties/limitations that they present overcome?

Hi, could you please explain me, how to copmute the yellow parts? Thank you very much.

In the straight-forward derivation of the Kramer-Heisenberg formula describing the photon-atom scattering cross section (to second order perturbation theory, see e.g. the path leading to https://quantummechanics.ucsd.edu/ph130a/130_notes/node470.html), the finite lifetimes of the intermediate...

Lets assume we have a 1 foot square bar of Iron. I realize that unpaired valence shell electrons in an atom of a substance like Iron, all with the same electron spin---either +1/2 or -1/2---are consistent within the same atom, as indicated from the aufbau principle and experiments. So for an...

Hi at all! This is not a homework or simila, so I'm sorry if I post my question in a wrong section, but I do not know where to post it. In the nuclear case, the Wood-Saxon potential is the main empirical potential used to describe the nucleus. What would be the analogue in the atomic case? The...

Does atomic structure require a magnetic force? I understand that in the world of people it is most appreciated, however, it doesn't seem to have a purpose in the atomic structure.

Hey, I am currently busy with studying solid state physics and looking at diffraction theory. Following link explains Frauenhofer diffraction pretty good: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/mulslid.html#c3 Let's assume a N=6 multiple slits. Its diffraction pattern depends on slit...

I've noticed that in the Shell Model of the nucleus, the order of the energy levels is 1s, 1p3/2, 1p1/2, etc. While in the atomic energy levels it goes 1S 2S 2P, ... But they still take the same amount of particles for each level in both the atomic and nucleus. Am I missing something here? Or...

Can't find a program at my level to simulate orbital or electron motor velocity, so is it possible to use universe sandbox2 to implement the atomic world to confirm the orbit? It is difficult to convert static electricity into gravity... It's hard to tell what the distance is between an electron...

I know that Bragg reflection in solid states at the edge of e.g. the first Brillouin Zone causes standing waves at these edges, which creates a gap between the energy bands. In this picture below you can see the probability density of a symmetric (+) and anti-symmetric (-) standing wave. The...

I have not formally studied physics but am interested in quantum physics. I have studied calculus so I know a little bit about mathematics in case the answer requires it. My question is, when a physicist conducts experiments at the quantum level, how do they know that what they are "seeing" is...

Homework Statement How to get the atomic weight of O atom 16g/mole to amu? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution As I know, 1 mole of O atoms = 16g 6.023 x 10^23 O atoms = 16g So, 1 O atom = 16 x 1/6.023 x 10^23 1 atom of O = 16 amu [1 amu = 1/ Avogadro's number] But I am confused about...

Does molar mass include an atomic weight for single atom and molecular weight for molecules?

Can someone explain the meaning of the k vector and the general meaning of this equation?

Homework Statement In a gas of hydrogen under normal conditions, the interatomic spacing is 1.56 × 10^−8 m . Assume the gas is made of atomic, not molecular, hydrogen. For what n-value of the hydrogen atoms is the size of the atom comparable to the interatomic spacing?The value of h bar is...

The lecture is here, paragraph 5-7. Feynman is trying to explain how to measure the size of the nucleus. He writes : "Suppose we have a piece of material 1 centimeter thick. There will be about 10^8 atomic layers. Since we don't know the size of the nucleous, how can be possible to calculate...

Homework Statement Consider the NaCl molecule, in which the atomic weights of Na and Cl are 23 and 37, respectively. The internuclear separation is 0.236 nm, and the ”spring constant” for vibrations is k = Mred ω^2 = 1 × 10^9 J/m^2 . Calculate the energy difference between adjacent vibrational...

Okay, so I've been set this homework to find the normalisation constant, N, for the radial wave function in the 2s state for hydrogen (my title was too long to fit that vital information in). thing is; I'm having a bloody hard time and in the process confusing myself with trying to take out all...

considering the symbol of an element, under the cambridge curriculum , is the nucleon number written on top or at the bottom on the left side of the element?

Do protons' inherent gyroscopic nature produce progressive ripples in the electromagnetic field? If so, then is there an ensemble of transverse electromagnetic undulations arising from the proton's angular momentum that contribute to electronic orbital energy in, say, a hydrogen atom? If these...

Homework Statement Two atomic clocks are synchronized. One is placed on a satellite, which orbits around the Earth at a high speed for a whole year. The other is placed in a lab and remains at rest, with respect to the earth. You may assume that both clocks can measure time accurately to many...

Does the noble gases have an atomic radius decrease or increase from halogens?

In the first volume of his lectures' books, Feynman tries to mathematically describe that in a particular gas ( particular because in this case is the sum of 2 monoatomic gasses with different masses) as a result of the collisions beetween atoms it will be equally likely to find any pair moving...

I have just read that Element 118, Og, has been discovered, which it would seem will allow for a nice, neat Periodic Table again, last seen when Lw (103) was added (although that should be in Group III, but whatever, it was a nice, neat table). It seems to me that once Element 121 gets...

My question is very simple (and I assume it has been discussed before but I cant't find the topic): An atom in the Sun emits a photon detected by an observer on Earth. Disregarding uncertainties and experimental problems relating to the movement of the atom (or assuming we could correct for...

I am doing some work on atomic structure. I have an app for referencing the charge radius of nuclei of elements and their isotopes, however I need a table that has the atomic radii of the elements and their isotopes.

I'm getting too different answers for atomic radius of iridium. I've already found 1.34 x 10-8 but all shows different answers. I mean like 1.34, 1.35, 1.36... Are those correct?

Ok, so pardon my ignorance if this can found easily online but I have these few questions. I was actually reading quite a complicated article about GPS and relativity but it had too much maths in it for my abilty. Ok, first of all, apart from the complicated details regarding the workings of...

Homework Statement How much energy is created when 0,0188828901 atomic mass is converted into energy (Joule) Homework Equations E = m * c^2 speed of light = 299792458 1 atomic mass unit = 1.660539040e-27 kg 1 atomic mass unit = 931,494028 MeV 1 eV = 1,6021766208e-19 Joule The Attempt at a...

The website of CIAAW list the 2012 atomic mass in Daltons (Atomic Mass Units) and mention the atomic mass of stable isotopes followed by an additional number between braces. For example Helium-4: 4.002 603 2541(4) My first question is what does the number between braces mean? I assume it is some...

Homework Statement 1D atomic chain with one atom in the primitive cell and the lattice constant a. The system in described within the tight binding model and contains N-->∞ primitive cells indexed by the integer n. The electronic Hamiltonian is $$H_{0} = \sum_{n} (|n \rangle E_{at} \langle n |...

I'm reading my coursework (Gen Chem) and I just have a question that hasn't really been answered. So, when you have a collection of atoms taking visible form, like with Sulfur for example, the atoms are held together simply because they're close together, which I think is the principle of VDW...

Pendulum clock running rates can be adjusted by changing the length of the pendulums. Likewise the running rates of mechanical and electronic crystal clocks can be changed and adjusted. Can the running rate of an atomic clock also be adjusted? It doesn’t seem like there could be any way to...

How do I make an atom oscillation? What is the thermal energy that an atom emits?

In the Debye-Huckle Equation there are a few z terms referring to atomic number. But what if the ion is polyatomic? Is it just the sum of the atomic numbers or is there something else that needs to be used? Never mind, it's the charge number not the atomic number.

Hi I'm Dan and new to Physics forums! I'm planning on posting something tomorrow on an alternate theory for the structure of an atom... I thought I would start with something light ;-) By day I'm a Product Owner and have established several successful and unsuccessful companies! I'm...

Does anyone know the heuristic derivation of this formula? $$R=r_{0} \cdot A^{\frac{1}{3}}$$ with ##R## the atomic nucleus, ##r_0## the radius of a nucleon (proton or neutron) and ##A## the number of nucleons. I know that there is a sperimental derivation, but I would find a theoretic/heuristic...

Only an atom with a nucleus and electrons combined produce a definite state. Neither the nucleus nor electrons have definite state. How do you understand this? We know there is electronic transition from ground state to excited state. How could the electrons do that independent of the nucleus...

I am finding references and good books for the conceptual understanding of Breit Interactions. Are there any books which specifically include the topic? The related topics explaining the formulation Breit Hamiltonian and its involvement to the correction to the atomic structure calculation are...