Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.
In the paper "Steady-state spin synchronization through the collective motion of trapped ions" it states the following:
"Steady-state synchronization of atomic dipoles forms the foundation for ultra-stable optical lasers utilizing
narrow-linewidth atoms coupled to a lossy cavity mode. The...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01847
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/10/stephen-hawkings-final-scientific-paper-released
I hadn't realized he was still researching, I assumed he'd retired a long time ago.
In most popular explanations of entanglement, the quantum information of an entangled two-particle system changes without regard to the distance between the two particles. The following paper seems (to my unprofessional eye) to be questioning this interpretation...
Earlier this morning I came across this article -- https://phys.org/news/2018-09-errors-quantum-world.html -- which is about an open for all article in Nature Communications -- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05739-8
I've yet to fully work through the paper, but if this thread is...
Hello PF,
first of all I don't know where to put this post as it's not exactly a homework question but a clarification question for a project.
I'm going through the derivation of the effective permeability of two stacked medias, given the polarization of an incoming EM wave but I'm stuck at the...
Dear,
I have submitted a paper currently to one journal of physics. The first revision had 5 point. In the second revision four of them was answered satisfactory, but the point 5 was comented and add other two new coments. After this, the revision changed of editor.
What could be the reason of...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.00659
Popular version: https://techxplore.com/news/2018-08-defensive-technique-software-buggier.html
The basic idea here is to create a large number of non-exploitable bugs, then add them to existing code. Do not worry as much about remediating existing bugs.
The...
Say you were doing some research on some topic. You were very enthusiastic with it, and you had devoted a large amount of time in the research. Perhaps you would have been the first to discover something or make a theory on it.
Then all of a sudden, one day you discover that someone else has...
Hey there!
I'm about to do some tests with rotating boundary layers and wanted to use rotating sheets of paper (cut into circles) as this would be ideal for my experiments.
I was researching various materials but couldn't find yield and tensile strengths for different types of paper (printer...
This paper:
Bob Holdom, Jing Ren, and Chen Zhang. "Quark Matter May Not Be Strange." Physical Review Letters. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.222001
Proposes properties of elements further along the Periodic Table of elements - than the elements we have created so far.
I cannot evaluate the...
Hi - I'm working to accumulate data on photosynthetic flux saturation levels across a range of plant species, and am having a bit of trouble understanding this paper:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3732/ajb.94.8.1344
Table 5 shows PPFD vs. ETR, and shows photosynthesis saturating...
5 million times 5 percent would be 5000000 X 0.05. When you do this on a calculator you get 250000 but when you do it on paper you end up with more zeros in the answer. When you multiply percents on paper what is the easiest way to figure out how many zeros go in your answer?
Can anyone with basic knowledge of Dicke States assist with explaining how we arrive at equation (4) in the paper 'Entanglement detection in the vicinity of arbitrary Dicke states': <Moderator's note: link fixed>
$$\langle J^2_{x} \rangle_{\mu} = \sum_{i_1,i_2} \langle J_{xi_{_1}} \rangle_{\mu}...
Suppose we have a quantum system ##Q## with an initial state ##\rho^{(Q)}##. The measurement process will involve two additional quantum systems: an apparatus system ##A## and an environment system ##E##, hence giving the initial state of the system ##\rho^{(AEQ)} = \rho_{0}^{(AE)}\otimes...
I'm going to assume there will be some strong options on this piece!
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/the-scientific-paper-is-obsolete/556676/
I just stumbled upon the well-written 1972 paper "Missed Opportunities" by Freeman Dyson. It can be found https://www.math.uh.edu/~tomforde/Articles/Missed-Opportunities-Dyson.pdf.
Dyson argues that over time, people have become worse in following the mathematical hints inherent in the...
Homework Statement
company manufactures paper cups that are designed to hold 8 fluid ounces
each. The cups are in the shape of a frustum of a right circular cone (so the top and
bottom of the cup are circles, not necessarily of the same size, and the side profile is
that of a...
I do a fair bit of spectral analysis of time series in my research, but to date my experience in the topic is almost exclusively from an engineering perspective rather than the more statistical approach. Of course I am aware that ultimately they are equivalent, but it means that my familiarity...
I am trying to see how to derive the following inequality on page 36 in the proof of Lemma 11.3: https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0412040.pdf
I.e, of:
$$\| fg \|_{Lip} \le \bigg(1+\ell \sup_{t\in T} |g'(t)|\bigg)\sup_{t\in T}|f'(t)| , \ \ supp \ f(1-g)\subset S^c$$
My thoughts about how to show...
For the first time in my lime I am not able to find home page for well-known and respected western periodical. I am looking for the paper titled «Définition covariante des équilibres thermodynamiques» by J. M. Souriau published in Supp. Nuovo Cimento, 1, I , 4 (1966) pp. 203-216 (given the fact...
Hi ! I want to do research and publish a research paper on a topic related to physics .
I am an undergraduate student , but I am much interested in research work.
Kindly suggest me a topic on which I should do research ?
And how much time will it take for the complete my research work ?
Hi, I found this article very interesting, given the loads of question I have posted in this regard in the last months. I cannot recall where I got the link from, and if it came from Bill Hobba in some discussion, thanks Bill! If not, thanks anyway for your answers and contributions.
Here is...
The Particle Data Group keeps a running, subject matter organized summary of the state of the art experimental results for the experimentally measured properties of hadrons and measurements of fundamental physical constants that is updated at least annually.
Is there any comparable group that...
Lets say I have a new Idea and maybe it has scientific value maybe not, that's not the topic now. I want to put this idea out there and I've already talked myself into trying to publish rather than posting. Maybe I would post, it depends on how it gets rejected. I'm sure not many like me try...
A new paper is proposing a new alternative to the Big Bang.
His model includes a concept known as bouncing cosmology.
https://www.space.com/38982-no-big-bang-bouncing-cosmology-theory.html
This is a place to put your silly news from your daily paper.
Today in the Daily Express:
Nursery school children as young as three are being give controversial new books which teach them to question whether they are male or female.
The toddlers are being exposed to characters who are unsure...
Hello every one,
End of terms papers always are weird and non natural for me. This is a senior class about solid state physics and we are asked to write a 5-10 pgs term paper on a certain topic.
My question is how do you go about formatting this kind of paper?
Abstract(??) ->...
Hi,
I have been doing an experiment at school looking into how the angle of a cone affects the time it takes for it to fall 2m. The data consistently shows an inverse relationship but it is unclear whether or not they are inversely proportional i.e. if the angle doubles, the time taken to fall...
I want to ask about question 27 in Cambridge university physics paper 9702/01 of October/November 2008
https://physics18.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/8/5/59854633/9702_w08_qp_01.pdfand question 30 in Cambridge university physics paper 9702/12 of May/June 2012...
https://www.ma.utexas.edu/users/dafr/OldTQFTLectures.pdf
I'm reading the paper linked above (page 10) and have a simple question about notation and another that's more of a sanity check. Given a space ##Y## and a spacetime ##X## the author talks about the associated Quantum Hilbert Spaces...
I asked my question in overflow, so far with no answers.
Perhaps here, I'll get an answer.
https://mathoverflow.net/questions/282048/a-lemma-on-convex-domain-which-is-a-lipschitz-domain
[admin edit: Below is the actual question posted, so our community doesn't have to follow multiple links:]...
Testing Quantum Gravity
Johan Hansson, Stephane Francois
(Submitted on 19 Oct 2017)
The search for a theory of quantum gravity is the most fundamental problem in all of theoretical physics, but there are as yet no experimental results at all to guide this endeavor. What seems to be needed is a...
I am trying to fully understand the spectrum structure in the paper "A LAGRANGIAN FORMULATION OF THE CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF SPINNING PARTICLES " by Brink, Vecchia and Howe. (I attached the file)
I am having a problem with equation (4.13). It writes p \cdot b|\psi_{phys}\rangle=0 but...
My question has multiple parts, does the following paper:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.0298
Disprove the possibility of creation of another universe through quantum fluctuations if heat death occurs?
If it does could another universe still be created through quantum tunneling?
Can quantum...
Let's consider a game of paper, scissor, rock. We have two players: player A and player B. Player A always do paper; player B always uses a strategy, where he tosses a die, and if it comes out 1 or 2- he goes rock, if it comes out 3 or 4- he goes paper, and if it comes out 5 or 6- he goes...
Homework Statement
A uniform, rectangular sheet with sides of lengths a and b has a hole of dimensions a/4 by b/4 punched in it as shown below. Find the centre of mass of the sheet after the hole is made.
Homework Equations
CM= ∫xdm/∫dm
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm confused on what to...
Thank you for your interest and please let me know what you think! Here is the video link:
Here is the video description:
"3D Origami Paper Swan"
Instructions for how to make the triangles here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74z3n...
This project took about a month to finish. I did not...
I have been arguing with my friends about this question and we need some educated opinions on it. I think that if a piece of paper in thin enough it can cut something. These are the details:
1. "thin" in this case means extremely thin
2. The paper can not be used to saw or swipe( it would be...
I am currently writing my first scientific paper, but I've never really had any proper training on the specifics of writing one particularly in citing references. The scenario is this:
Say I'm reading paper A that wrote about result X which was cited from paper B. I also want to cite result X...
So I've been reading David Bohm's original paper on the alternative interpretation of quantum mechanics in terms of hidden variables, just out of interest. In the 4th section he presents a complex function ψ in terms of R and S, and then (using the time dependent schrodinger equation, TISE)...
I have encountered this paper "Curie Wiess model of the quantum measurement process". https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0203460
Another work by the same authors is "Understanding quantum measurement from the solution of dynamical models" https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2138
I am still evaluating the...
This video is about making a snake out of paper. The style of paper folding and structure building shown in this video is called "3D Origami" if you wish to look it up. I hope that this video will inspire you guys to create your own creations and share them with me. I learned this skill in 6th...