Paper Definition and 1000 Threads

Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.

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  1. F

    How Can I Improve Readability of White Paper Under Desk Lamp?

    Homework Statement Okay, I am using my desk lamp right now to see better when I read, but it's making it more difficult to read because my texts are white sheeted based and it's reflection is making it impossible to read The Attempt at a Solution I don't have color filters, so I need...
  2. J

    Have You Skimmed Gerard 't Hooft's Complex Paper on Elementary Particle Models?

    Yesterday i was reading this new paper by Gerard 't Hooft. Its a complex paper, does anyone of you skimmed the paper yet ?. It certainly gives me fruit fot thoughts http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.4543 A class of elementary particle models without any adjustable real parameters Authors: Gerard 't...
  3. B

    Advice regarding first research paper

    Hello everyone! I am planning on writing a paper about the angle of repose of different granular materials (i.e.the cone that sand makes in an hourglass). My research will involve both experimental and theoretical work; I am going to collect data regarding the shape that different materials...
  4. R

    Fractal geometry in crumpled paper

    I've made an experiment similar to the one found here: http://classes.yale.edu/fractals/fracanddim/boxdim/PowerLaw/CrumpledPaper.html The result was: the mass of crumpled paper balls is proportional to D^n, being D their mean external diameter, and n ≈ 2,5. As n is not an integer, the...
  5. L

    Einstein's June 30 1905 paper - help please with the maths

    I have read the Einstein June 30, 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of moving bodies" but I can't see how he did the following (the text I've quoted below is on page 6 in my .pdf version): " 1/2 [ T(0,0,0,t) + T(0,0,0,t + x'/(c-v) + x'(c+v)] = T[x',0,0,t + x'/(c-v)] Hence, if...
  6. marcus

    Our picks for first quarter 2011 MIP (most important QG paper)

    Multiple choices are possible in the poll, so please select several papers if you wish. Of these twenty candidates, choose the paper or papers which you think will contribute most significantly to future quantum gravity research. Abstract summaries follow in the next post. Diffeomorphisms in...
  7. M

    (BSME only) Scientific Paper Question

    I only have a BSME with a very small amount of work experience (I graduated recently). I'm hoping that there is a decent scientific journal out there that would seriously look at my paper regardless of my credentials (or lack thereof), review it, and if they find it correct publish it. Also, I...
  8. W

    Help My Science vs. Religion paper

    Hi, I initiated a discussion that got over heated before this simple question was answred so perhaps someone would like to comment on it. This began as a simple question regarding evolution and for me has become the focal point of a series of papers for a writing class. The discussion was...
  9. S

    Admissions Is Fear of Rejection Holding You Back from Pursuing Your Ph.D?

    Hi, My situation is just like someone who is running on a treadmill. He is running without getting anywhere! A couple of years ago I got my masters in physics (condensed matter) working on Density Functional Theory and simulation. My masters thesis ended with two papers which I submited one of...
  10. marcus

    Probability of Inflation in Loop Quantum Cosmology (new Ashtekar Sloan paper)

    http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.2475 Probability of Inflation in Loop Quantum Cosmology Abhay Ashtekar, David Sloan 34 pages, 3 figures (Submitted on 12 Mar 2011) "Inflationary models of the early universe provide a natural mechanism for the formation of large scale structure. This success brings...
  11. M

    Why is aluminum foil attracted to a charged balloon just like paper?

    Homework Statement I have a basic understanding of electrostatics. I know that when I rub a balloon with wool, both the wool and the balloon will become charged. I know that if I bring my charged balloon near neutral paper, the paper will be attracted because of charge polarization. I thought...
  12. R

    Searching for Technical Paper Topic? Get Ideas Here!

    Need a Topic! I’m in the 3rd year of Electrical & Electronics Engg. and well it’s high time I started work on a Technical paper. Primarily I’m interested in Power Electronics and love doing work on Electric Circuit Theory. Also love working in anything related to Mechanics. Microcontrollers...
  13. P

    Imperial Comprehensive Paper 1 Q8 2004 - Last Part

    I've attached the paper in Q, please see Q 8. Not sure what to do. Also confused about the fact it says 'calculate', when it depends on p and delta, so I don't see why I should get a numerical value. I don't know how to get an expression for N here, apart from a really messy and horrible...
  14. marcus

    Bianchi Haggard volume spectrum paper puts UC Berkeley on Lqg map

    I was glad to see this paper for several reasons. The volume operator in Loop Gravity is the locus of some interesting unresolved questions. The kind that requires and attracts creative mathematicians IMHO. This first paper from Gene Bianchi and Hal Haggard is just a 4-page letter I guess for...
  15. H

    MOND paper says Bullet Cluster poses problems for Lambda-CDM

    I was reading a recent paper on arXiv.org on a novel simulation of MOND, and surprisingly they addressed the Bullet Cluster, which I guess is one of the more serious problems for MOND. What was even more surprising was that they said this posed a problem for Lamda-CDM models as well. Here is the...
  16. Y

    Micro-transactions [Research Paper Help]

    Guys, I need your help. I am now doing a research paper for my English class. It is about Micro-transactions. I am trying to prove that Micro-transaction will help solve or lessen piracy. I need your opinions about micro-transaction. What are the benefits you get from it? What is/are...
  17. A

    Translated Russian papers (i.e. paper of Gor'kov)

    Hi, I have tried to find following paper which is a Russian paper (translated to English), please let me know where I can find it. L.P. Gor'kov, J. Expt. Theor. Phys. (U.S.S.R) 34, 735 (1958) Sov. Phys. JETP 7, 505 (1958) I have the same problem with other translated Russian publication...
  18. G

    Research Paper On Plane Extraction From 3D Laser Data?

    I'm not sure if this is the best place to post this, if not please point me in the direction I should go. I'm doing robotics research with a professor who told me to study a few different things. One was to find some papers on plane extraction from 3d laser data. Can anyone give me the name...
  19. S

    Making New Paper Process and Making Recycled Paper Process

    What is the main different within them process ? Any good web or source can gain more knowledge about them?
  20. Z

    Heisenberg's 1927 paper on uncertainty

    Does anyone know if there is an online english translation of Heisenberg's paper on uncertainty "über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik" Z. für Phys. 43, 1927. I haven't been able to find it so far, all I can find is one's in German...
  21. C

    When should i (on paper) pump a network with a source to determine values?

    i understand that there are times when one should (on paper) pump a network of resistors, capacitors, and inductors with a 1 amp ac current source or a 1 volt ac voltage source in order to determine certain values within the system however, i am having trouble determining when i need to use...
  22. D

    Calculating Force of Drag on Paper Helicopters

    hello! i'm doing a physics lab paper helicopters and changing the length of their wings. i was wondering if i could find the coefficient of drag for each helicopter. i have the mass of the helicopter, the time it takes to fall a certain distance and I'm assuming that the cross sectional area...
  23. C

    Question about a scientific paper - Fluid Mechanics - Perturbation Theory

    My question pertains to the following article: http://tinyurl.com/4uw9h2a I have attached the relevant section to this post. My question is whether Godin's assertion is correct or not - namely the sentence "Such a development ... additional terms" and the last sentence in the attachment...
  24. marcus

    Hot QG+M paper by John Barrett

    This paper shows an interesting new approach to a theory of geometry + matter. Impressive preliminary results: http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.6078 Induced standard model and unification ==quote Barrett's introduction== This article concerns the problem of constructing a quantum theory of...
  25. H

    Egg drop with two straws and 3 sheets of paper

    OK well as the title says I have to do an egg drop using only a foot of tape, 3 sheets of computer paper, and 2 straws (they have the bendable end). So is there any suggestion of what will work best? The egg will be dropped from 10cm to begin with, and then the drop height will increase until it...
  26. marcus

    Gravity as a diffeomorphism invariant gauge theory (new Krasnov paper)

    I'm hoping there will be some comment on this new paper of Kirill Krasnov http://arxiv.org/abs/1101.4788 Gravity as a diffeomorphism invariant gauge theory Kirill Krasnov 24 pages (Submitted on 25 Jan 2011) "A general diffeomorphism invariant SU(2) gauge theory is a gravity theory with two...
  27. D

    Derive position on paper using sound waves?

    After watching the video below, I came up with the idea of using a piece of paper as a keyboard much like Mistry did for a mouse. I am only in high school, but I'm sure you can measure position via sine waves which relates to the sin trig function (the reason I posted here; if wrong thread, mods...
  28. M

    Electromagnetic paper Recycling system( photo-chromic or thermo-chromic inks?)

    Hi Everybody :) Recently I have been thinking on the concept of reusing paper instead of recycling it by using a special kind of photo-chromic ink, as chemistry is not my profession ia m writing here just to have your opinions about viability of this concept: what is the concept about...
  29. Simfish

    Can paper be carbon-neutral or even better?

    They can only be carbon-neutral or better if sustainably harvested, of course. And only if the lumbar companies plant trees after they fall them. But if these assumptions hold (which I believe they do in many regions of the U.S.), then cutting down trees helps sequester carbon. Trees grow...
  30. M

    Understanding Op Amp Inverting Amplifiers: A Comprehensive Guide

    Inverting amplifer question http://img210.imageshack.us/i/electronicsquestionsq30.jpg/ Can do part a) ! Vout/ Vin = -R2 / R1 and found part d) in a book, that closed loop gain is less but more linear and am able to draw the graph. Any help with b) c) e) f) would be great, particulary...
  31. C

    Reading a Paper From Springerlink

    Hi, I'm writing an assignment for school and there is a paper on springerlink which looks like it could be of help to me, the site wants me to pay $45 for the single article but I think that for subscribers it is free. So I was wondering if anyone who is already a subscriber is willing to...
  32. C

    Scientific paper by R.Tobin on steroid use

    Im doing a review of a scientific paper about steroid use in baseball and its effects, but am struggling to understand a section. (paper is "On the potential of a chemical Bonds: Possible effects of steroids on home run production in baseball") "It is therefore reasonable to assume that a...
  33. D H

    Physics paper guessing game: Are you worse than a monkey?

    The concept of the game: You are presented with the titles of two papers. One paper is a real one posted at the arXiv. The other is fake, with the title automatically generated using a context-free grammar. Your job: Guess which is the real paper. After guessing you will be presented with...
  34. marcus

    Our picks for fourth quarter 2010 MIP (most important QG paper)

    Of these fifteen candidates, please select the paper or papers which you think will contribute most significantly to future quantum gravity research. Multiple choice is possible in the poll, so please choose several if you wish. The papers' abstract summaries follow in the next post. Big Bounce...
  35. A

    Can anyone please tell me a book or any paper where I can find this

    Hello everyone. I have been looking for a book or any article where I can get a good description about classical theory of energy transfer from electromagnetic field to a particle. I am particularly interested in how much work is done by the field when it interacts with the partciel (for...
  36. marcus

    Penrose Gurzadyan fire back: new paper today

    Penrose and Gurzadyan are not giving up without a fight. They posted a second paper today, answering their critics: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.1486 More on the low variance circles in CMB sky V.G.Gurzadyan, R.Penrose 2 pages (Submitted on 7 Dec 2010) "Two groups [3,4] have confirmed the...
  37. S

    How can I efficiently do pencil and paper calculations electronically?

    Hi I want, once and for all, to abolish pencil and paper in my studies. At least in what concern mathematics. I mean, I want to do my "pencil and paper calculations" electronically. Note that I'm not talking about using any computer algebra system. The problem is that I haven't found...
  38. X

    How to Structure a Technical Paper on Quantum Mechanics for Graduate Students?

    Homework Statement I have an extra credit assignment. I can write on any topic involving quantum mechanics (graduate level class). I needs to be a technical paper. I have tried to obtain more details about format from the professor but she does not help much. I have never written a physics...
  39. J

    Is Fotini Markopoulou Redefining Planckian Physics in Her Latest Paper?

    Thank you Marcus for spotting this paper. Fotini Markopoulou takes a non reductionist view of Planckian physics in this latest writing, where more fundamental physics doesn't have to be more or less simpler than the physics emerging from it. This line of thinking remind me P.W. Anderson's...
  40. _Tully

    Is Doane Paper Truly Superior for Note-Taking?

    LINES + GRAPHINGZ OH EMG EE!11oen1!1one Seriously though, does anyone use Doane paper? It seems excellent and I've heard great things. I am going to order some, and see how it goes. Unless there is a reason not to I haven't discovered, so, does anybody use this paper? Alternatively, does...
  41. N

    Can a piece of A4 paper reach the moon?

    This is a bit of a silly question, but one I'm curious about ... It all started when I made a status update on facebook proclaiming that if you could fold a piece of A4 paper in half 44 times it would reach the moon. One of the commenters made an interesting point by saying: I...
  42. J

    Purpose of Conference Paper? (Strategy for writing one?)

    Didn't really know what board to put this post on, but anyway... After finishing a 10 day lab project, I'm expected to produce a 2 (possibly 3) page conference paper about it. Having never written a conference paper before I'm not too sure what to include and what not to... I have...
  43. J

    Suggestions for engineering diasters paper?

    I have to write at 15 page long research paper on an engineering disaster. So far i have thought about doing the boston molasses disaster, anyone of a hundred bridge collapses, or plane crashes. Can anyone give some good suggestions for an engineering disaster? Something that is really well...
  44. SamRoss

    Dynamics of the Slowly Accelerated Electron from Einstein's original SR paper

    I am having difficulty working out one of the steps in Einstein's original SR paper, in the Section entitled "Dynamics of the Slowly Accelerated Electron". Einstein describes an electron in motion in an electromagnetic field. Its equation of motion in a rest frame K (not moving with the...
  45. Z

    Interesting Activity with a Paper

    I request you all to perform this activity now (it will take less than a minute)- 1)Take a rectangular piece of paper. 2)Make two holes of the size or your fore-finger in it - equidistant from the edges (refer the figure attached. 3)Insert the fore-fingers of your two hands in the holes...
  46. E

    Question on Witten's paper: Perturbative Gauge Theory As A String Theory

    Question on Witten's paper: "Perturbative Gauge Theory As A String Theory..." Hi guys, I have a question regarding formula 2.12 of Witten's paper hep-th/0312171 "Perturbative Gauge Theory As A String Theory In Twistor Space". He just states this formula but i don't really understand his...
  47. P

    Precognition paper to be published in mainstream journal

    http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19712-is-this-evidence-that-we-can-see-the-future.html This is an unfinished version of the paper: http://dbem.ws/FeelingFuture.pdf
  48. R

    ODE for Water traveling up a paper towel

    Hey guys, I am in dire need of help. In physics today, my professor gave us an experiment. It involved a strip of paper towel with dots along it from a sharp. it was hung from a metal ring stand and the edge of the paper towel was immersed into a dish of water. Water traveled up the paper towel...
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