Process Definition and 1000 Threads

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enthalpy is defined as h = u + pv so, dh = du + d (pv) if the process is constant pressure, dh = du + p dv (change in internal energy + boundary work ) during constant pressure process, if heat is added to the system, it increases its internal energy as well as it does the...

Trying hard to understand a basic textbook model meant to illustrate that entropy (of the universe) increases for irreversible processes. Help me out please? I get this part: A gas is compressed isothermally (constant T) and reversibly, getting worked on and expelling heat. To calculate ΔS...

Homework Statement A nearly flat bicycle tire becomes noticeably warmer after it has been pumped up. Approximate this process as a reversible adiabatic compression. Take the initial P and T of the air (before it is put into the tire) to be 1.00 bar and 298.0K. The final volume of air (after it...

Hi, I do some calculations on a rf-pulse controlled Spin-1/2 system influenced by noise given by a normal distributed random variable n(t) (which is, I guess, a gaussian stochastic process, as n(t) is a gaussian distributed random variable for all t). Using the Magnus-Expansion...

Hi, I want to try and make some steel alloy in an induction furnace. I have gone through youtube, Engineering Books, Internet and yet I haven`t found an answer that will completely explain how to make steel alloy. In what form are the components like Si, P, Mg, Mn etc added to...

Homework Statement An ideal gas undergoes a reversible process 1-2-3-4-5. The stage from 1-2 as well as isobaric 2-3 and isochoric 4-5 stages are represented by linear segments. The Stage 2-3 is isothermal. The following relations are true: V_2=2*V_1 p_2=1.5*p_1 V_3=4*V_1 V_4=6*V_1...

I am just curious how a microprocessor is able to actually process data. A serious of voltage variations corresponding to bits flows into it, but how does the inanimate slab of etched silicon "know" how to act on it and what to do with it? I am just in awe that computers can even work at all...

Homework Statement One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through a reversible process from an initial state "a" to a final state "b" during which the pressure of the gas varies with volume V as shown below. Calculate the work Won[/on](a->b) done on the gas during this process...

Homework Statement One mole of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through the reversible cycle shown below. http://img508.imageshack.us/img508/2595/newbitmapimageqm.png process bc is an adiabatic expansion, with P_b = 10.00 atm and V_b = 10^-3 m^3. Find (a) the energy added to the gas as heat...

Homework Statement In a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, as the gas expands, heat is supplied to it, so that the temperature remains constant. Thus, temperature and hence kinetic energy of the molecules does not change but the 'disorder' of the gas increases as it occupies a...

Is the Haber process ever used to generate electricity? I recognize that it's not an efficient means, because of the amount of energy needed to create H2 gas, but because the actual Haber process is exothermic and is less efficient once the temperature creeps above 400 degrees, why shouldn't it...

Hello, Years back, I used to work with a sputtering machine, but I never really understud some of the activities within the machine. One of the things that puzzled me was why the target was to be eroded, while the surrounding metal structure that held it in place and formed the lid, was not...

Homework Statement There is a Pressure-Volume diagram of an ideal gas. The processes make up a (rough) triangle. At constant pressure, we have point A to point C to the right of it to point D to the right of C. Then above A we have point B. C goes to B and D goes to B.. thus forming something...

The deformation process involves different stages. I was wondering how do you call the process where the materials return to their orginial state? Just as given in the bold text. And, moreover, what is the formula which calculates the time it returns back to the orginal state for a random...

Homework Statement Show that a free electron cannot absorb a photon and conserve both energy and momentum in the process. Hence, the photoelectric process requires a bound electron. (Eisberg and Resnick 2nd Ed) Homework Equations hv = E p = K / c E2 = (pc)2 + (m0c2)2 The Attempt...

Why the process of recombination is called "re"combination? The process in which the nucleus and electrons combined to form neutral atoms at early times is called recombination. But why it is added an "re" to "combination"? Is there any combination process before this process? Thx!

Dear all, I want to read data from a file which has four column and process the data for further calculation. After running the code it keeps given me 0.00000 as output. What do i do? Here is the structure of the code program new Implicit none integer,parameter ::Nmax=1000 Integer ...

I am interested to know how to achieve hadronization (the specific details). Is anyone aware of a site where I could find this information (presented in a readable format)? I am also interested to know what types of hadron clusters result from this event. Thank you for any help you might...

Molecular "work" in an Adiabatic process ? I have studied Adiabatic cooling in connection with a rising parcel of air. I’m confused. I understand that temperature is a macroscopic principle (not a Microscopic); molecules do not have a temperature, only velocity and Kinetic energy. I have read...

When a hot stone is dropped into a lake the change in temperature of the lake is negligible, but the stone cools down and so its entropy decreases. Is this therefore a case of an irreversible process in which total entropy decreases? This isn't for homework but for revision towards my resit. I...

From what I've read all processes of a thermodynamic system are irreversible because some energy will be lost to the surroundings but I don't understand why that can't be reversed by getting the surroundings to put that energy back into the system. Let's say I have a gas canister with a piston...

Hello Everyone, I was just wondering if there was a way to add two vectors that are determined by spherical coordinates (radius, theta, phi). For example, if I have v1 = (5, Pi/4, Pi/2) and v2 = (3, Pi, -Pi/2) is there a way to add these using their respective radii, thetas, and phis or do I...

I am trying to model a simple birth and death process in Mathematica using the Gillespie Algorithm. I am using 1 DNA molecule that is transcribed to mRNA with rate k1, \mbox{DNA} \longrightarrow \mbox{DNA + RNA} and the transcribed RNA are subject to degradation with rate k2...

My Question - Steam at 200 psi and 600 F flows through a turbine operating adiabatically and exits at atmospheric pressure. For every kilogram of steam flowing through the turbine there are 150 Btu of shaft work delivered. (a) What is the final condition of the exit steam? (b) What is the...

Alright, this might sound stupid, but let us imagine a scenario. I bring an object from height 10 m to 4 m such that the velocity of the object remains constant. Due to this the potential energy of the object decreases. Now my question is, where does this energy go?

Hi, I have been staring at this for a while. I under stand the process and can account for and reproduce every step of this problem EXCEPT I can nit figure out where the 6i/n coms from. I have included the equation and the issue is highlighted in yellow. Please explain... this is the last...

The admission to Russian universities is open. Here is some information on general steps of application for a study in Russia. For getting in contact with the university you may send just of the documents by E-mail. Application packege consists of application form (persnal data), copies of...

Homework Statement A diaper liner is placed in each diaper worn by a baby. If, after a diaper change, the liner is soiled, then it is discarded and replaced by a new liner. Otherwise, the liner is washed with the diapers and reused, except that each liner is discarded and replaced after...

how does Helicase unwind the dna strands?what is the chemical Process involved?what is the chemical reaction?

My textbook says that Delta S (sys) > 0 for irrev. ad. proc., closed syst (or see http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5898/adiabatic-process if you don't believe me) but since Delta S = 0 for reversible adiabatic process and entropy is a state function, shouldn't Delta S = 0 for...

A certain amount N_0 of a radioactive isotope with decay constant \lambda_1 is injected into a pacient. Besides that isotope's natural decay process, there's also a biological elimination process, with decay constant \lambda_2. Now, at time t, the number of remaining isotope atoms is given...

Given a poisson process Z(t) with a given rate lamda, k and m nonnegative integers and t and c real and positive numbers, calculate the probability: P(Z(t-c)=m | Z(t)=k) thanks

120MJ of heat are used to heat up a 1100kg component from 22oCelsius to 180oCelsius, in 1 hour, prior to heat treatment. If the specific heat capacity of the components material is 500J/kg, calculate the efficiency of the heating process. Please could somone give me the equation that i need...

Homework Statement Find the horizontal asymptote of f(x) = (x2-1)/(x2-4) Homework Equations Limits The Attempt at a Solution I'm pretty family with the process, I just get confused when there's an x2 in the denominator and no x in the numerator ): So I already figured out that...

Hi, What is the geometric interpretation of the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process? I mean, you will find everywhere that the procedure is as follows: 1. set u1=a1 => e1=u1/||u1|| 2. u2=a2-<a2,e1>e1 => e2=u2/||u2|| . . . As a comment on the second line, you will read that this...

Hmm, not sure if this is the right place to be asking this. I am wanting to understand what effects electromagnetic energy can have when injected into the combustion process of hydrogen and oxygen? Can anyone tell me or point me what effects can occur or point me in the right direction to...

Hello, I am trying to find a characteristic function (CF) of a Compound Poisson Process (CPP) and I am stuck :(. I have a CPP defined as X(t) = SIGMA[from j=1 to Nt]{Yj}. Yj's are independent and are Normally distributed. So, in trying to find the CF of X I do the following: (Notation...

Hey all! I am thinking of building a box in which the insides can be held a constant temperature. I would like to see if I can determine some parameters for the box. My first step is to determine heat loss through the box. I'm estimating that the largest difference in heat will be 101°C...

While reading about Minkowski's description of the fourth dimension time axis, I saw that by taking the product of the speed of light and time, he was able to give it a "spatial" geometric character of distance (i.e. light-years, light-seconds, or whatever). I then saw that he set c (the speed...

Does Q exist during Constant volume process in Stirling engine? It seems like Q=E=3/2nRT? but I am not quite sure.

Hi, I try to understand the nebular theory (how the solar systems are formed) but I keep having problems with the flattening. My physical intuition "feels" the flattening process should happen, but I want a physical/mathematical qualitative explanation. What is the key physical law that...

Homework Statement Let X(t), -inf< t < inf, be a second order process. Show that it is a second order stationary process if and only if mu(t) sub x is independent of t and r(s,r) sub x depends only on the difference between s and t. Show that is a second order stationary process if and...

hi, so I'm just finishing up my junior year and would like to try to go to grad school for math. I got into an REU program this summer that ends around the beginning of August and plan to start studying for the GRE sometime during the summer. Right now though, I'm a little confused as to how I...

Homework Statement Example 3 in this pdf: http://karin.fq.uh.cu/qct/Tema_04/04.03.Los%20valores%20y%20vectores%20propios%20de%20un%20sistema/Diagonalization.pdf" Homework Equations Gram-schmidt process: v2 perp = v2 - (u1*v2)u1 The Attempt at a Solution I don't understand how they...

Homework Statement 200W of power is required for an isothermal process of a larger cyclic process. Use the first law of thermodynamics to calculate the amount of heat power that is generated by the isothermal process. Homework Equations Change in heat energy = change in internal energy +...

HELP! How to process multiple files in C++ I have been bashing my head against my desk in my cubical trying to figure this out. I have approximately 500 files I would like to read in, one at a time, into a C++ program, do my processing, and send the results to a new file. I can do the...

Homework Statement A frictionless piston cylinder contains ideal gas hydrogen , R = 4.125 KJ/Kg.K , initially at p1=100 Kpa , t1 = 765 C , V1 = 0.35 m3 . The gas undergoes a polytropic process with n = 1.22 until the final volume becomes V2=8.0 m3 Cp = 14.3338 , Cv= 10.2043 ...

1.>Consider a gas in a vessel with a piston on top.Let it expand to a greater volume. So, delta H=delta U+delta(PV) but delta U is 0 as it is isothermal. now,as the number of moles of gas remains constant,delta(PV) is nR(delta T) which is again 0. SO delta H is 0. Thats what my book says...

Consider a quasi-static expansion of a gas. If you change the external force by dFext, then the system will do work on the surroundings until the internal pressure equals the external pressure, right? Now, how does the temperature of the system and the surroundings chnage in the process...