Solid Definition and 1000 Threads

In object-oriented computer programming, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by American software engineer and instructor Robert C. Martin, first introduced in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns.The SOLID concepts are

The Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change." In other words, every class should have only one responsibility.
The Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."
The Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it". See also design by contract.
The Interface segregation principle: "Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface."
The Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."The SOLID acronym was introduced later, around 2004, by Michael Feathers.Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development.

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  1. M

    Angular and CoM Velocities of a Solid Sphere

    Homework Statement A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is rolling,without slipping, down a curved rail. The sphere is initially at rest at a height of h1. Find the angular velocity ω2 and the center of mass velocity of the sphere vcm at the end of the rail of height h2. You may assume that...
  2. A

    Do I need to know Solid State Physics for Field Theory?

    Solid State Physics Quantum mechanics and quantum nature of solids, properties of materials. Band theory in metals and semiconductors. Conduction processes, the p-n junction, transistors and other solid state devices. Field Theory Review of vector analysis and coordinate systems...
  3. M

    Can covalent bonds in water break by pushing them on a solid?

    How do water molecules behave in the presence of a static electric field? If I apply an electric field on water molecules, would they apply pressure to a solid surface (let's say a noble metal), and if so, what would happen? Could the oxygen wedge in between the atomic gaps on the surface of...
  4. B

    Varying Volume Charge Density in a Solid Cylinder

    Homework Statement Consider a right circular cylinder with radius R and height L oriented along the z-axis. The center of the cylinder coincides with the origin. Inside the cylinder the volume charge density is given by \rho(z)=\rho_0+\beta z. Find the electric field at the origin (in terms...
  5. P

    Calculating Volume of Solid Using Triple Integral

    1. Use a triple integral to find the volume of the given solid. The solid enclosed by the cylinder x^2 + z^2 = 4 and the planes y = -1 and y + z = 4 This looked like a cylindrical coordinate system to me, except for the fact that it is not cylindrical around the z-axis but the y-axis. I...
  6. R

    Wave Propagation in Vibrating Solid

    Hi I am very confused at determining the type of elastic wave in a vibrating body. For example, an elastic solid is flexuraly vibrating in one of its resonant mode. There should be elastic wave excited from this vibration. But, my question is which wave will be excited through it...
  7. M

    Work, energy stored in solid sphere

    Homework Statement Find the energy stored in a uniformly charged sphere of charge q, radius R Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Ein=\frac{qr}{4\pi\epsilon o R^3}, Eout=\frac{q}{4\pi\epsilon o r^2}... W=\int_{0}^ {R}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}[\frac{qr}{4\pi\epsilon...
  8. F

    Can a solid planet become a star?

    Hello! I had this doubt when I was 14-15 years old, and I waited for many years (I'm 49 now) to ask about it, as I always thought this to be a silly question. In case someone can help with this, that's a thought experiment. It starts with this: if you have a sphere of gas, and then apply...
  9. N

    Calculating Volume of Described Solid with Equilateral Cross-Sections

    Homework Statement The base of S is the triangular region with vertices (0, 0), (5, 0), and (0, 5). Cross-sections perpendicular to the y-axis are equilateral triangles. Find V of described triangle. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I first wrote the equation of the...
  10. W

    Describing a Solid Ice Cream Cone with Spherical Coordinates

    Q: Consider the solid that lies above the cone z=√(3x^2+3y^2) and below the sphere X^2+y^2+Z^2=36. It looks somewhat like an ice cream cone. Use spherical coordinates to write inequalities that describe this solid. What I tried to do: I started by graphing this on a 3D graph at...
  11. T

    Archived Solid State Physics: Hall Effect + Semiconductor Lab

    Homework Statement The lab is attached. I've also attached the pre-lab just for the diagram. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Can anyone think of some good errors for this lab? We ended up with ~80% error. I've thought of two: 1. Adjusting the potentiometer so...
  12. N

    Why amino acids as Zwitterons in solid state and ph neutral?

    Hi forum goersI'm reviewing some coursework for my General Chemistry class and cannot seem to find a reasonable explanation of why amino acids exist as zwitterons in solid state and ph7 solutions. I'm fairly certain the explanation has to do with its solubility in water, but I am not sure. Here...
  13. MarkFL

    MHB Solid of revolution about an oblique axis of rotation

    Hello MHB, As students of calculus, we are taught to find the volumes of solids of rotation obtained by revolving given regions about horizontal and vertical axes of rotation. But, what if the axis of rotation is neither horizontal nor vertical? Please consider the following diagram: We wish...
  14. Feodalherren

    Volume of a solid using shells

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the region bounded by the curve y=x^(1/3) and y=x rotated about the line y=1. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My teacher's solution is 4∏/15 . I got 11∏/210. http://imageshack.us/a/img443/426/0zhs.jpg...
  15. Z

    Derivative of Solid Angle: Lightmann & al. Explained

    hello please see attached snapshot from the book of Ligthmann & al. (problem book in relativity and gravitation). Can somebody please explain the expression for the derivative of the solid angle ? here it is given as dvxdvy where the v's are speeds ! How come this is so ? Thanks,
  16. I

    Thermodynamics: Einstein solid (simple step in derivation)

    S=kln(\frac{eq}{N})N --->= S=Nkln(\frac{q}{N}+1) i understand that the e goes away and the N exponent comes down but where does the +1 come from?
  17. L

    MHB Find volume of solid generated (Calc 2)

    [solved]Find volume of solid generated (Calc 2) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by the coordinate axes, the curve y=e^x, and the line x = ln 2 about the line x= ln 2. So I tried graphing it to see visually, and the expression I got...
  18. A

    Nitpicky details of solid body motion

    It should for nitpicky convenience's sake, be pointed out that unless the point we choose to calculate the moments around is the C.M of the rigid body, or that the the point moves parallell (including being at rest) to the motion of the C.M, we get an additional term on the RHS.
  19. MarkFL

    MHB Forrest's question at Yahoo Answers regarding a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
  20. S

    Magnetic moment of a solid, uniformly charged ball

    Homework Statement Show for a solid spherical ball of mass m rotating through its centre with a charge q uniformly distributed on the surface of the ball that the magnetic moment μ is related to the angular momentum L by the relation: \textbf{μ} = \frac{5q}{6mc}\textbf{L}Homework Equations μ...
  21. S

    Centre of mass of a solid hemisphere (Feynman way)

    reference to Feyman lectures vol.1 topic 19.2 locating centre of mass Feyman gives us the law of pappus to find the centre of mass ,which he proves for semicircular disc and ring. But when i am trying to extend it to finding the centre of mass of a solid semi-circular solid hemisphere ,i...
  22. N

    Can KNO3 and bentonite clay increase rocket engine performance?

    Question, If I make a rocket engine using KNO3 fuel and bentonite clay for the nozzle, shouldn't the ISP of the engine be slightly higher due to the radiation? It would be nearly Immeasurable but nevertheless there. Kind of like the way a NERVA engine works.
  23. MarkFL

    MHB Bassman's question at Yahoo Answers regarding a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
  24. Y

    Electric Field with a Solid Spherical Conductor

    Homework Statement A spherical conductor has a spherical cavity in its interior. The cavity is not centered on the center of the conductor. If a positive charge is placed on the conductor, the electric field in the cavity A. points generally toward the outer surface of the conductor. B...
  25. andyrk

    Charged Spherical Shell and Solid Sphere

    A spherical shell and a conducting sphere each of radius R are charged to maximum potential. Which of the two has more charge? My attempt: Since in a conductor, no charge can reside inside the conductor so all charge is on the surface of the conductor just like the spherical shell. Now ...
  26. I

    Using double integration in finding volume of solid bounded by curves?

    Homework Statement The question is "Use double integration to find the volume of the solid bounded by the cylinder x2+y2=9 and the planes z=1 and x+z=5" Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I tried to draw the curves and the solid that i formed is a cylinder with a...
  27. MarkFL

    MHB Belinda Obeng's question at Yahoo Answers regarding a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
  28. S

    Ceramic Properties vs. Solid Properties

    Hello, Quick run-down: I am attempting to model thin film materials (e.g. Ti-Al-N) for thermal analysis. I am confused on how to figure out the number density of Nitrogen for a ceramic. All the tables I have in school textbooks are for gas (~0.0013 g/cm3). I can find density of...
  29. MarkFL

    MHB Panda Bear's question at Yahoo Answers regarding solid of revolution

    Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
  30. C

    Is this a solid way to mark an exam on a Mathematical subject?

    In an Engineering course I was used to being rewarded for proving a good understanding of theory. For example, if I explained a basis of the following solution, it would still give some rewards, even if the solution itself had major computing errors or even if it was partially mathematically...
  31. P

    Drawing schematics for solid state physics research

    Hello, I'm working on a poster and senior thesis in materials science research and need to draw schematic diagrams of a few objects including: -a PLD chamber -Thin films -XRD -SEM -energy diagrams -a sin wave I've downloads inkscape and have tried to draw in powerpoint so far. Are...
  32. K

    Confusing Solid And Plane Angles

    Confusing Solid And Plane Angles ! Supplementary Quantities - 1.Solid Angle - Steradian 2.Plane Angle - Radian Doubts - 1.What Is The Use Of Supplementary Quantities ? Physical Quantities Are Used To Measure For Example .. To Measure Length - m Current - ampere Etc... What Can I...
  33. K

    Rolling resistance of solid tires versus pneumatic

    Hi everyone - quick question on something that's been bugging me. So, train wheels, which are solid steel, have incredibly low rolling resistance, an order of magnitude less than average car tires. This is because they don't bend significantly, so you're not wasting energy to heat as in the...
  34. K

    MHB The volume of the solid generated by the revolution

    find the volume of the solid generated by the revolution of the curve $y^2 (2 a - x) = x^3$ about its asymptote.
  35. karush

    MHB What is the volume of the solid formed using the shell method?

    https://www.physicsforums.com/attachments/1012 Let f(x)=\sqrt{x}, Line L is the normal to the graph of f and point (4,2) (a) show that the equation of L is y=-4x+18 f'=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} so f'(4)=\frac{1}{4} so normal would be -4 then L is y-2=-4(x-4) or y= -4x+18 (b) Point A is the...
  36. E

    Solid Fuel Internal Combustion Engine

    Has anyone ever built an internal combustion engine which runs on solid fuel? A system would have to use waste heat or a mechanical friction device or whatever to heat the fuel and produce vapor which would be burnt in the cylinder (similar to the way coal gas was produced). Of course the vapor...
  37. MarkFL

    MHB Huzafa's question at Yahoo Answers regarding a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can see my work.
  38. I

    How Does Electron Diffusion Create the Depletion Region in Solid State Devices?

    how does letting the electrons diffuse to the P material/region lead to a "depletion" region in the center where the N and P material meet? please go into detail
  39. A

    Is Pressure Important in Thermodynamics of Solid Materials?

    Hi. Consider a solid body placed in vacuum. How much is its pressure? Can we describe this body using thermodynamics if its pressure is zero?
  40. A

    Solid pulley & mass on an inclined plane

    Homework Statement See the image. Homework Equations T=Iα, F=ma, I=0.5*m*r^2, Friction=u*N The Attempt at a Solution I used the torque equation to get Tension = mcylinder*a/2, and then plugged that into a force equation for the block. mblockgsin(30)-Tension-Friction=mblock*a so...
  41. PhizKid

    Field due to a solid hemisphere with uniform charge density

    Homework Statement Given a solid hemisphere with radius R and uniform charge density ##/rho##, find the electric field at the center. Homework Equations ##E = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}} \frac{Q}{r^{2}}## ##E = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_{0}} \int \frac{\rho (x',y',z') \hat{r} dx' dy'...
  42. C

    Why/how does integral of solid angle = pi?

    Hi folks, can someone help explain this in words of one syllable or less? I am looking at a text that compares flux and intensity of a distant source, and it states that ∫∫dΩ = ∏ I know that dΩ = sinθ dθ d∅ but I don't understand where the given result comes from. What are the...
  43. G

    Enthelpy under uniaxial compression of solid

    Hello, I have found several references (I can send you the links if you want) that point to the fact that the enthalpy under uniaxial compression along z of a solid is simply given by: H=U+PzV This appears to make sense as during uniaxial compression the Pz pressure component is the...
  44. A

    Help with interference fits of sleeve on a solid shaft

    I am trying to find the minimum thickness that a sleeve (without relief) needs to be in order to not fail when assembled by interference fit. I know the interference value and the outer diameter of the shaft, but that's all... How do I solve for pressure, stresses, and ultimately the minimum...
  45. M

    Effects on water level when a sphere is replaced by a new solid sphere

    A small solid sphere of mass M0, of radius R0, and of uniform density ρ0 is placed in a large bowl containing water. It floats and the level of the water in the dish is L. Given the information below, determine the possible effects on the water level L, (R-Rises, F-Falls, U-Unchanged), when that...
  46. L

    Question about instantaneous travel of information on a solid

    I hope this isn't a common question, and that I'm not breaking any rules of posting - please let me know if I am, as I'm new here. So, to describe what I'm trying to ask: Picture a very long rod, say, one light-year long. Imagine it's in space, and is free of gravitational interactions (and...
  47. E

    Is it possible to excite solid metal using radioactive material?

    Hi all, How can I excitation - ionization solid metal ? May by radioactive material which is too soft.
  48. J

    Not understanding what the question is asking. Volume of solid

    Homework Statement Referring to the parallelepiped in Question 3 in which vertices E,F,G,H are respectively the diametrically opposite corners to A,B,C,D . Find the volume, in cubic units of the solid with seven plane faces BGD,BCD,GFD,BHG,GHEF,EFGC,BHEC Homework Equations The...
  49. R

    MHB Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the area?

    1.Determine the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the area between the x-axis and the graph of the function given by f(x) = cos(x^2) with x between (pi/2)^0.5 and (3pi/2)^0.5 ,about the y-axis. 2.What is the volume if the above area is rotated about the line given by x=4. Thank you in...
  50. MarkFL

    MHB Amanda's question at Yahoo Answers regarding a solid of revolution

    Here is the question: Here is a link to the question: Calculus homework help? - Yahoo! Answers I have posted a link there to this topic so the OP can find my response.
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