Paper Definition and 1000 Threads

Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.

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  1. T

    How to draw 2d objects on 1d paper?

    Here in the 3d world, we have 2d paper where we can draw 2d representations of 3d objects. How would a 2d being draw a representation of a 2d object on a line? Is that even possible?
  2. I

    General Structure for a Physics Paper

    So i need to write a IB Extended Essay in physics. I have a research question already but am having trouble when it comes to writing it, I’ve looked at some example papers but all their layouts seem to be unintuitive. The essay should be around 3,800 words, the lab reports we usually write are...
  3. K

    Wax Rubbed on Paper: Why Paper Becomes Translucent

    Why does paper become translucent when wax, butter or oil is rubbed on it?
  4. J

    Technical Paper for an Introduction to Mechanical Engineering class

    Hello all; I have a homework 'question' I'm hoping I can get some help with here. For my Introduction to Mechanical Engineering class, we have been tasked with writing a technical paper and there is a portion of the mark dedicated to using social media and the internet to enhance the paper...
  5. K

    George Green's Paper: Explaining the minus sign in area element

    Hello, In Green's famous paper : "An essay on the Application of mathematical Analysis to the theories of Electricity and Magnetism" - which is freely available online here : http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.0088 in article 3, page 16, last paragraph, while deriving his now famous Green's...
  6. marcus

    Our picks for second quarter 2012 MIP (most important QG paper)

    Of the twenty candidates, please choose those you think will prove most significant for future research in Loop-and-allied quantum gravity. Since the poll is multiple choice, it's possible to vote for several papers. Abstract summaries follow in the next post. http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6736...
  7. S

    Laser cutting device to cut paper of few mm from a red laser pointer

    Hi, i wanted to make a laser cutting device, not the big one but a small device just to cut a few mm thick paper. I just learned from a site(www.ehow.com/m/how_6692865_make-homemade-cutting-laser.html) that you can actually convert a laser pointer to a laser cutting device by rotating the...
  8. G

    Medical Good Review Paper on Medical Physics?

    What is a good review paper on modern medical physics? Thanks
  9. R

    Einstein's 1906 Paper: English Translation Requested

    Does anyone have an English translation of Einstein's 1906 paper "The Principle of Conservation of Motion of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy"? A copy would be greatly appreciated.
  10. S

    Medical Publishing a Paper: Tips & Advice for Scientists

    Hi everybody! I`m Russian scientist and work in area of biochemistry. The main tack of mine now is publishing a paper in a journal, it is desirable, with Impact factor. May be, you know some journals, non very captious, with friendly reviewers, where this is not so difficult to publish...
  11. R

    Has anybody taken part in online collaborations writing a scientific paper ?

    Has anybody taken part in online collaborations writing a scientific paper ? experiences ? Just what the title says really. I am collaborating with a programmer and a mathematician (myself biophysics) on a computational neuroscience paper. Ill be lead author as the primary concept is mine...
  12. P

    Find a general expression for time of impact of a paper plane

    Homework Statement Two students threw a paper plane towards the bin, hitting a desk at time t=10. The trajectory can be modeled as follows: x=t-2sin(t), y=4-3cos(t) Then there were a few simple questions before: The students are curious about what would have happened to the paper...
  13. C

    Possible webpage title: Mars and Earth Warming: Fact or Assumption?

    Hi, Would anyone like to critique my physics paper "The Greenhouse Effect"... it's only in draft stage but would definitely like some feedback positive or negative... not just on the material but on the overall structure as this is the first science paper I have done at university; I don't...
  14. S

    Using Magnetic field to repel a paper plane AP Physics Project help?

    I simply need to shoot a paper plane very far, the furthest distance. I cannot interfere with it during flight. I plan to have copper wires up a standing pole, from the pole, an extension (used as a ramp for the plane to gain acceleration), will stick out less than 90 deg/ Perpendicular). On...
  15. J

    Physics past paper question - hard disks

    Homework Statement I have attached the question Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution so the first thing I did was find the frequency = 120 Hz The next thing I did was find the circumference = 0.2796 m (from pi*d) Now I know that the answer is no. magnets per disk *...
  16. J

    How is 100 W produced over 24 hours in Edexcel Unit 4 Specimen Paper?

    Homework Statement Please can someone look at the attached question (I have extracted MS and relevant previous pieces of information) Where do they get the idea that 100 W is produced over 24 hours ?? Homework Equations The Attempt at a SolutionI know power = work done / time but if power...
  17. M

    Question: Reality of Quantum State Paper by Pusey, Barrettm & Rudolp

    Question about the "reality of the quantum state" paper by Pusey, Barrettm and Rudolp In the paper I mentioned in the title (on arXiv and supposedly subsequently published in a journal), the authors claim to show that "if a quantum state merely represents information about a system, then...
  18. sunrah

    Using probability paper for a normal distribution

    I have to compare measurements in a normal distribution with a theoretical gauss curve on "probability paper" (the y-axis has percent). Does anyone know any online guide/ information? thanks, have wasted the last three hours on this
  19. zoobyshoe

    News Paper Fires Reporter for Past as a Stripper

    http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/10/showbiz/texas-stripper-writer-fired/ If the paper has something against people working as strippers, it seems to me kind of stupid to fire them from the paper, because her main work option now is to go back to stripping. This kind of sends a message to anyone...
  20. K

    How to read review book or paper

    Hi everyone, I have a very general question about how to read a review book or paper? My tutor want to me read the book of deGennes and Tinkhan to start learning superconductor. Although I can unserstand the main features and even calculation,but i still can't "understand" BCS theory, I don't...
  21. H

    Huge Multi Part Prob + Stats question from past paper

    A university department has 2 secretaries (labelled A and B) who do all the word processing required by the department. The number of misprints on a randomly sampled page typed by secretary i (i=A,B) has a Poisson distribution with Mean Ui independent of the number of misprints on any other...
  22. H

    Huge Multi Part Prob + Stats question from past paper

    A university department has 2 secretaries (labelled A and B) who do all the word processing required by the department. The number of misprints on a randomly sampled page typed by secretary i (i=A,B) has a Poisson distribution with Mean Ui independent of the number of misprints on any other...
  23. H

    MHB Huge Multi Part Prob + Stats question from past paper

    A university department has 2 secretaries (labelled A and B) who do all the word processing required by the department. The number of misprints on a randomly sampled page typed by secretary i (i=A,B) has a Poisson distribution with Mean Ui independent of the number of misprints on any other...
  24. M

    Spray Starch System for Pulp and Paper

    At our recycled paper mill we are planning to install a spray starch system to help with ply-bond . http://www.freeimagehosting.net/t/1h2ie.jpg The basic idea is to feed 14 % starch slurry and recycled water into a centrifugal pump. The diluted slurry then runs through rubber hosing, valves...
  25. J

    Publication advice for Born Rule paper

    Dear everyone, I know this is not exactly on topic here, but I thought it was even more off topic in the other sub-forums, so please forgive me for posting it here. I'm looking for some advice and maybe some help. Recently I have finished my work on a paper about the emergence of the Born...
  26. R

    Is There a Medline Equivalent for Physics Research Papers?

    In medicine and biology they have Medline which is a complete database of research papers---kind of a complete search engine of research papers in medicine and biology---which has free access to public. Is there anything comparable to this in physics---...
  27. fluidistic

    Accessing a paper in a non free journal

    I'm assignated to do a lab report which consist of a numerical molecular simulation of water with a very particular water model. My program is already running but my professor didn't talk a lot about the model in particular. At this point -and I think it's totally fair-, we're expected to...
  28. Y

    Capillary Action and Paper Towel Physics

    Hey guys, I am a little confused with the concept of Capillary actions with specific regards to paper towels. I understand the mechanics behind a single capillary tube and the height that water reaches in relation to surface tension. However, my professor claims that paper towels absorb as...
  29. M

    I'd like to publish a paper in a journal

    I want to publish a paper in one of these journals: Radiochimica Acta J NUCL MATER INT J RADIAT BIOL EUR J NUCL MED MOL I SEMIN NUCL MED J NUCL MED I am ready to participate, share and support financially
  30. I

    Physicist claims victory over traffic ticket with physics paper

    http://autos.yahoo.com/blogs/motoramic/physicist-claims-victory-over-traffic-ticket-physics-paper-151808710.html A physicist at the University of California San Diego used his knowledge of measuring bodies in motion to show in court why he couldn't be guilty of a ticket for failing to halt at...
  31. C

    How does production cost of absorbent paper compare to that of printer paper?

    I know that right now an A4 page sells for 0.8 cents at Walgreens. So presumably the thing is dirt cheap at the factory gates. For toilet paper I don't have any handy store prices to quote, but I do have a nagging suspicion of being overcharged. So, generally speaking, what is the economic...
  32. B

    Find Conferences to Publish Your Paper

    i mean how to find conferences.?
  33. M

    Need assistance on my physics research paper.

    I'm currently in high school Physics B AP, and we have been given a research project in which we can pick our own topic. The topic I have chosen to research is the Higgs boson, commonly known as the "god particle". We have to write a research paper (5-7 pages only), create a physical model of...
  34. N

    Special Relativity Question (for a paper)

    SR, Do you calculate closing speed to determine light arrival time? Please evaluate the paragraphs below... what I'm most concerned about the very last statement. Do I integrate the "motion" of the distant object to determine the arrival time of light or is that already in the calculation...
  35. Matterwave

    Where can I find Wheeler and DeWitt's paper on quantum geometrodynamics?

    By Wheeler (and DeWitt), it's called "Superspace and the nature of quantum geometrodynamics", 1968. I googled it, but all I found were papers/books that had this paper as a reference...I can't find the paper itself, anyone have some good sources for where these things are? Surely it's online...
  36. I

    Submitting a science paper to a journal

    Hi everyone, my first post here. I have worked out some of the problems facing physics in general and quantum mechanics more specifically in my head and am planning to submit a paper to a scientific journal to put out the ideas and have them reviewed and hopefully accepted as new clues to...
  37. D

    Why Do Some People Prefer Writing on Yellow Paper?

    I've noticed lately a lot of my professors use yellow paper pads to write out their lecture notes instead of white ones. I don't know if it's a generational thing, but I never liked yellow paper and always thought it felt cheap and not nice to write on, so I'm wondering what the appeal of it...
  38. B

    Navigating the Complexities of Academic Publishing: What Should You Know?

    How do you publish a scientific paper? How do you know that your idea has not already been published somewhere? How would you go about making sure your idea is new? What happens if you wrote a paper in a field that someone already researched on without knowing? Who do you speak with to start a...
  39. E

    Can a paper and tape tower hold 1 L of water for more than 1 minute?

    As part of an assignment, I have been asked to construct a tower that is completely made of paper and sticky tape. This tower must be built with 4 specifications: 1. Must be built of nothing but paper and tape no cutting devices, glue, ect ect. 2. Must be built within 5 minutes. 3. Must be...
  40. V

    Exploring the Science Behind Translucency in Wet Paper

    Why does a wet piece of paper let through more light than a dry one?
  41. R

    Can anyone provide valuable information on dark flow for my astronomy paper?

    I am writing a paper for my New Frontiers of Astronomy class on dark flow. Does anybody no any links to a great deal of info on dark flow. I've printed up the actually science paper on it. Any links relating to the causes of it or disproving it by other physicists will help.
  42. harrylin

    Some remarks on Einstein's 1907 paper on Relativity

    I hope that a short discussion of the history of theoretical development is not too much off-topic here; this is a continuation of a discussion started under another, related topic: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=574624&page=2 The paper under discussion: Albert Einstein, "Über...
  43. S

    The acceleration of an Elephant and a Paper Clip

    An elephant on a frictionless flat surface is tied to paper clip hanging off the side of the surface. What is total acceleration of the system?
  44. G

    Research Paper topics for Electrical Engineering?

    Could anyone suggest me topics for writing a research paper? ares of interest may include: -Electrical engineering (power systems/electronics etc.) -embedded systems -matlab and simulink Thank you!
  45. R

    Whittaker 1904 paper on scalar potential functions

    http://www.hyiq.org/Library/E.T.Whittaker-1904.pdf "On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions" by E. T. Whittaker published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Vol. 1, 1904) In the paper Whittaker 1904...
  46. H

    Inductive Proof for use as proposition in paper

    Homework Statement Model the concept of space time using Set Theory Homework Equations Discrete Mathematics Logic Set Theory The Attempt at a Solution Try 1 Proposition X The subset T is the set of ordered space time. The point of space time s is in T If s is in T then so...
  47. M

    Is Louis Crane's New Paper on Neutrino Models and Symmetry a Visionary Work?

    http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.0525 Strange enough to deserve its own thread... The A4 discrete symmetry often used in neutrino models is dual to the E6 continuous symmetry often used in grand unification! This extension of the EPRL model is also a string field theory where the strings move on a...
  48. marcus

    Our picks for fourth quarter 2011 MIP (most important QG paper)

    Which paper or papers do you think will contribute most to future research in Loop-and-allied quantum gravity? Since the poll is multiple choice, it's possible to vote for several papers. Abstract summaries follow in the next post. http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6391 Curvature invariants...
  49. A

    Help me solve question from last months exam paper please

    http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/nqfdocs/ncea-resource/exams/2011/90523-exm-2011.pdf can some 1 help me solve the following questio from here 1a,b 2a,b,d 3a,b,c http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/nqfdocs/ncea-resource/exams/2011/90521-exm-2011.pdf also help me solve question from here 1c 2bii 3...
  50. F

    Where Can I Submit My Physics Paper with Negative Results?

    Hello, some time ago I've started thinking about aspects of physics, and came up with an experiment that could have provided very surprising results. I performed the experiment, and no surprising results came up. However, this negative result is still a new result, also the experiment and the...
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