Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying. Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at 2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile material with many uses, including printing, packaging, decorating, writing, cleaning, filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated worktops, toilet tissue, currency and security paper and a number of industrial and construction processes.
The papermaking process developed in east Asia, probably China, at least as early as 105 CE, by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BCE in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States following.
I got good news..sorta...
My paper got rejected by the editors from a journal because it was 'too complex' 'too forbidding' for its audience.
That's good news because at least I know the caliber of my work isn't 'basic'. I was concerned that my works was based too much off calculus concepts...
Homework Statement
How could u find the drag/friction due to air on a A4 size page dropped perpendicular to the ground. There are about 20 sheets and is dropped about waist height. The tricky thing is no instruments are aloud. Only your senses...
Homework Equations
F=-cv where c is...
Homework Statement
My friend and I are attempting to figure out what the coefficient of friction is of a stack of paper (say, 100 sheets). Through our research, we've found that the coefficient of friction (\mu) is the maximum possible static friction force (F) divided by the normal force...
Hi all, I'm writing my IB extended essay in history (the IB is an international high school curriculum; I'm a senior in high school). I know normally for a work in translation you are supposed to credit both the author and the translator, but one of the works I translated myself (I can read...
What do you guys think the best answer tyo these questions are?
Descibe in detail an x-ray machine for use in a n undegraduate research lab:
(6 marks)
Explain how both characteristic and bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced?
(4 marks)
State two differences between the x-ray machine you...
dear forum friend i need a help here did anyone have any idea how to remove black printer ink on colouerd paper without damgeing the other colour , if some know what will the best solution for the . help
I have recently had an interesting experience that I would like to get other people's input on.
In October 2007 I submitted a paper to a reputable journal. In May 2008 I received a rejection email from the editor. I responded by arguing that the reviewer's comment (a single liner for a 50 page...
The poll allows multiple choices...which are your picks for the 2008 papers likely to prove most valuable to future research?
The Uncanny Precision of the Spectral Action
Ali H. Chamseddine, Alain Connes
http://arxiv.org/abs/0812.0165
Loop Quantum Cosmology: An Overview
Abhay Ashtekar...
Homework Statement
i have this exam paper question.
derive an expression for transfer function
find expression for the magnitude and phase of the response
i have attached circuit diagram below
2. The attempt at a solution
i derived
for first question
Vo= 2RC(dVi/dt) -...
Rightly or wrongly, there's considerable excitement about a paper which a postdoc theorist at CERN, Bob McElrath, recently posted. One physics blogger headlined his comment "Dark matter is a quantum liquid."
The headline may itself be a misinterpretation of what McElrath is saying but I couldn't...
Assuming that I understood correctly one claim from the Riemann's On the Number of Prime Numbers less than a Given Quantity, then if we define a function
\psi:]0,\infty[\to\mathbb{R},\quad \psi(x) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} e^{-n^2\pi x},
it satisfies an equation
2\psi(x) + 1 =...
Einstein's "The Field Equations of Gravitation" Paper
I'm trying to find a translated copy of this paper - but i can't find one anywhere! The 1905 papers are all over the place; i thought the this would be similar.
Does anyone have a copy, or recommendations on where to look?
Thanks...
I am writing a paper on a "modern" modern physics experiment and need some help on finding a subject to write about. Any help on finding a topic would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.
I am writing a paper on a "modern" modern physics experiment and need some help on finding a subject to write about. Any help on finding a topic would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.
Homework Statement
What kind of charges will a sheet of paper have after it has been rubbed with wool or fur? with silk?
Homework Equations
none
The Attempt at a Solution
I have an idea about this, I'm just not definite with the answer. I know the paper is a good insulator if kept...
I have to write a 4000 word paper for my Astronomy 302 (Foundations of Cosmology) class and I really do not know what to do. I was thinking about doing it on the effects black holes on the furture of the universe but I can not find any scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles on it to write a...
We have to write a 10 page paper on any helicopter topic we want to. I decided to do mine on NOTAR design, NO TAil Rotor because the police fly over campus all the time. (We always have helicopters flying over campus constantly since were right next to andrews airforce base. If its not a...
Jus some confusion over plotting points on normal probability paper..
1. Order the data
2. Do we do (i-0.5)/n where i=no. of observation and n= no. of samples?
believe can't use Z(i)= (X(i)- Mean)/ stand. dev. as i need to find both mean and std. dev from the graph...
What is the graph...
This is just a little observation , if you could confirm, or explain a theory behind it
=>
if we start with one dimention we have one line
to get to 2D we draw the shape (here a line) somewhere else, and draw lines that connect them (here 2)
then to get to the third, we again draw the...
I get the impression that people who review research papers want to see recent papers listed in the bibliography. To me, this implies that I would have to list papers that are not neither the biggest landmarks nor the most relevant.
When I do research, it's mostly my own thing. It's...
Need help with argumentive paper! Please!
My name is Jose, and i am 17. I need help with writing my Argumentive paper. My topic is on if ghost are real, it was a last minute pick. I also wanted to tie it into the 4th demension theory, but i don't know enough on the topic. Can anybody help me...
FQXi has an essay contest on the Nature of Time.
http://fqxi.org/community/forum/category/10"
There is an internal commission but the winner depends also on the public vote.
Here is possible to vote: http://fqxi.org/community/vote"
(vote your favourite one!) and it's very nice that there is...
If you haven't heard yet, Japan is planning to throw paper airplanes from the ISS. Reportedly the airplanes will be able to survive re-entry:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7230949.stm"
Me and my friend were talking about it earlier, and we're at odds as to how exactly Japan will...
OK guys I'm a physics student,
I'm trying to write a paper on representation of a given number with 100Cr digits with few alphabets(a-z)and some equations,assuming some arbitrary constants.
I'm giving falsification test here:-
(1) The equation don't need to work,if the digits are lesser or...
Which of these 3rd quarter 2008 papers do you predict will prove most valuable to future research? Significant papers tend to be cited more in subsequent research---we will soon have citation counts to go by, on some of these, as well as subjective judgment. Polling let's us share information as...
Hello all. This fall I'm applying to several colleges, the top two of which are Bennington College and Wesleyan University. I'm fairly certain of acceptance to both but as a part of the admissions process I need to submit an analytical paper, passed in and graded by a teacher. Since I wish to...
arXiv:astro-ph/0310808v2 paper by Lineweaver dated 13 Nov 2003 entitled "Expanding Confusion: common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the universe" has a sentence in the second paragraph on page 4 that I find confusing.
The sentence is: "However, since...
Sorry to bug you all, but I have a question to ask. I have a bit of a worrying problem, so when I first heard about the LHC, some of the fear mongering got to me. However, after some research, my worrying nearly ceased. However, I ran into this paper today, and it says there may be a bit of a...
unfortunatly i have lost a question paper which has questions like y''+y'+y=sinx or =e^2x or =X+2-4+e^2x or=2^-3x+5E^-5e etc etc, i have the questions and answers for the y''+y'+y=0 format questions but none of the non zero questions so my question is 2 fold
first of all how do i go about...
Will I require any physics degree to publish a paper?
I am a computer Science student, but love theo. phy. till the core of my heart
Will I be able to publish papers without any physics degree, and just by studying at home?
Recently (25 July) Lee Smolin posted an update of his December 2007 unification paper
http://arxiv.org/abs/0712.0977
The Plebanski action extended to a unification of gravity and Yang-Mills theory
"We study a unification of gravity with Yang-Mills fields based on a simple extension of the...
What can you do with toilet paper ?
I can use a piece to create a white rose.
I am now learning to fold up a plane, but seems that toilet paper doesn't fit for this task, I am thinking including some adhesive tape to hardening the wings.
I'm trying to find a location in the Internet where I can download (for free) the following paper:
Kjell Gustafsson , "Control theoretic techniques for stepsize selection in explicit Runge-Kutta methods" (Year of Publication: 1991 )
Thanks in advance
:cool:
Hello, I am doing a research paper for a final and I chose the holographic principle as my topic. Does anyone have any good sources, or information pertaining to this? Any help is greatly appreciated, thank you.
P.S.- I have looked at some of the first links on google, and wikipedia
Recently one of my papers was rejected from a journal. I expected the referee would ask for some changes and additions, but instead it was rejected. I doubt if the referee really understood the main aim of my paper. Also the report surprisingly does not give details of the objections the referee...
Hey, I am doing my B.Tech 2nd year and would like to present a paper on VLSI & Embedded Systems. Plz help me out as to how to write it and please send some sample papers for reference if u can. Ur help will be very much obliged.
hi, this is a simple question.
I think reading an ebook on the computer screen is LESS effective then reading a paper books. Sometimes, my eyes feel pain especiall the ebook scrolling on the screen.
So, I think it's more effective and healthy way to read on papers.
Do you think so?
Hope...
Hi All,
On some other scientific forums, it is possible to submit alternative theories papers. These papers are of course, discussed following the scientific rule "All things being equal...".
Is there such a section in Physics Forums?
Major paper by Fairbairn--a way to put matter into 4D quantum gravity
I expect this paper will "raise the dead" in the sense of evoking a comment from John Baez :-). It develops some lines of research he was working on three years ago.
It references work by Derek Wise, a Baez PhD----also...
I'm reading a paper and I came across a passage that seems wrong. The context is describing axioms for a system ZFU, with an operation \dot F that relates urelements to natural numbers. \dot U(v) holds exactly when v is an urelement. The first line, then, says that \dot F(u,v) is a relation...
What exactly is the criteria for a research paper to get published? It seems that few papers contain major breakthroughs like the cloning of a sheep. A lot of papers seem to be contain incomplete ideas, and a lot of times papers seem to discuss ideas that were developed by someone other than...
Hello everyone, i just started a electrical technician degree at a tech school. right now were about to start with series-parallel circuits...but we need to write a research paper on it. i have never done a research paper not even in high school. so my question is can i read a book or two on...
Every quarter we have a poll predicting which will be the quarter's most valuable QG paper, most important for future non-string quantum gravity research. In this case, I'm collecting nominees for the time period April thru June 2008, This simple elegant 6-page paper by members of Loll's group...
I'm getting a little stuck on terminology, but most of it can be looked up in wikipedia. However, there's one term I'm having trouble with.
The paper is for a model of micrometeorites entering the atmosphere. It says:
"Entry velocities ranged between 11.2 and 72 km/sec following a v^-5,394...
In this case, on the top corner of the book.
I occasionally buy some of my books used, and they have stickers and stamps on them. I generally don't mind but this one is on the top of the book when the book is closed (on the top of the page), and it is some ink stamp.
I tried removing it...
Hello,
I am taking Conceptual Physics and I am writing a paper about an every day use of physics, defining at least 5 physics concepts. I have about 3 and a half pages completed over walking, and I would love for someone to proof read it to make sure everything makes sense. If anyone has...