Transition Definition and 544 Threads

A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions. These include economic liberalization, where prices are set by market forces rather than by a central planning organization. In addition to this trade barriers are removed, there is a push to privatize state-owned enterprises and resources, state and collectively run enterprises are restructured as businesses, and a financial sector is created to facilitate macroeconomic stabilization and the movement of private capital. The process has been applied in China, the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries of Europe and some Third world countries, and detailed work has been undertaken on its economic and social effects.
The transition process is usually characterized by the changing and creating of institutions, particularly private enterprises; changes in the role of the state, thereby, the creation of fundamentally different governmental institutions and the promotion of private-owned enterprises, markets and independent financial institutions. In essence, one transition mode is the functional restructuring of state institutions from being a provider of growth to an enabler, with the private sector its engine. Another transition mode is change the way that economy grows and practice mode. The relationships between these two transition modes are micro and macro, partial and whole. The truly transition economics should include both the micro transition and macro transition. Due to the different initial conditions during the emerging process of the transition from planned economics to market economics, countries uses different transition model. Countries like P.R.China and Vietnam adopted a gradual transition mode, however Russia and some other East-European countries, such as the former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, used a more aggressive and quicker paced model of transition.The term "transition period" is also used to describe the process of transition from capitalism to the first stage of socialism, preceding the establishment of fully developed socialism (aka communism).

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  1. P

    Dynamic transition probability matrix in markov chains

    I am intrigued by the idea of changing/dynamic transition probability matrix instead of the assumption of constant transition probability between states. For eg. Probability of population migrating between 2 states might not remain constant and can be a function of its population or some...
  2. S

    Mutiple Valences, Ionic compounds and Transition metals.

    So i was doing my school work earlier and i had trouble wrapping my head around this particular topic, even though i was able to finish all of it correctly, i want to make sure it sinks it well so i once again decided to approach these forums :) We were naming Ionic compounds, specifically...
  3. M

    How does this transition work?

    Hi there I have been stumped by this (probably simple) math transition in the attached file. Can someone please explain it in full detail? Big thanks http://postimage.org/image/11vseawf8/" << edit by berkeman to post the explicit URL >> http://postimage.org/image/11vseawf8
  4. D

    State transition matrix to change initial conditions.

    Hey folks, I have an orbit in the circular restricted three body problem with initial conditions [x(0), 0, z(0), 0, y'(0), 0] I'm following this paper http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984CeMec..32...53H on how to correct these initial conditions given the state transition matrix at a...
  5. A

    Phase transition in one dimension

    Hi, I was listening to Susskind's lecture on statistical mechanics (lecture 8). He mentioned in relation to Ising model of magnetized spin systems that there could not be any phase transitions in one dimensions. He mentioned that it has to do with the stability of the system. Can anybody...
  6. L

    Engineering Transition to Civil from Mechanical Engineering?

    Hi, I'm currently enrolled in a university studying Mechanical Engineering (I'm one of the only girls in my classes). I like it, but I really would like to be doing Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering, but my college doesn't offer it. My advisor told me I could transition to Civil...
  7. C

    Powers of Markov transition matrices

    Homework Statement Prove the following theorem by induction: Let P be the transition matrix of a Markov chain. The ijth entry p(n)ij of the matrix Pn gives the probability that the Markov chain, starting in state si, will be in state sj after n steps. Homework Equations p(2)ij =...
  8. A

    2 Quant. questions (expanding an abitrary state, transition amplitude?)

    Homework Statement 1) The position operator x has a continuous spectrum of engenvalues {x'} with corresponding eigenkets {|x'>}. Expand this state in terms of the position eigenstates. 2) Suppose the transition amplitudes c_a',b' = <a'|b'> are known where {|b'>} are the eigenstates of a...
  9. D

    DFT, Kohn-Sham: failure to describe transition states.

    Hi, could someone explain the following quote to me, please? It explains, why the Kohn-Sham-Scheme of DFT fails to describe transition states. My questions: If N_i ist the occupation number and the wavefunction may be given by \Psi = \sum_I{c_I \Phi_I} where \Phi_I are...
  10. N

    Computing Floquet transition matrix

    hi , I need to create a program on mathématica 8 to study the stability of my system using Floquet transition matrix . to compute the Floquet transition matrix I made this program based on a fourth order Runge Kutta integration : X1[t_] = {x1[t], x2[t], x3[t], x4[t], x5[t], x6[t] ...
  11. C

    What does 'probing a transition' mean?

    Hi I'm reading some articles about atomic clocks and they say that they probe the clock transition. What does it mean 'to probe a transition'?
  12. P

    Transition of neon from ground state to excited state

    Neon has lowest excited energy at 1(s^2)2(s^2)2(p^5)3(s^1) state. And the excitation energy is about 16.9eV. And next energy is at 1(s^2)2(s^2)2(p^5)3(p^1) state. And the excitation energy is about 19eV. In Franck Hertz experiment with Neon, current decrease at every 19eV, no 17eV. Why...
  13. B

    Schools Transition to (abstract) university mathematics.

    Hello everyone. I am graduating high school in about a few days (yay!). I'm going to enter university this fall, majoring in math. I just want a few advice on what to do this summer to prepare myself for college mathematics. How can I prepare myself to tackle abstract math, without any prior...
  14. N

    Understanding Formula Transition: Solving for curlB and divJ in Electromagnetism

    \oint Bdl=\mu\int JdA+\mu\frac{{d}}{dt}\int EdA \int(curlB)dA=\mu\int divJdV+\mu\frac{{d}}{dt}\int divEdV how to go from the above integral equation to the bottom equation curlB=\mu\varepsilon\frac{{dE}}{dt}+\mu J
  15. G

    Transition from bound states to continuous states

    Transition from bound states to "continuous" states If I have the Hamiltonian for the Hydrogen atom and a perturbation given by a classical electric field (the kind of problems you get in an ordinary course about QM, no QFT involved), can I have a transition from a bound state (I intend a...
  16. J

    Why Are Some Transition Metals Colored?

    For my a levels, I think I need to know the colours of each oxidation state of the transition metals, from scandium to zinc. Is there any easy way to remember each one?
  17. G

    Transition: Classical Mechanics to Quantum Mechanics

    Imagine that I have a system that is described classically by a given Hamiltonian which is a function of a given set of parameters q and their canonical conjugate momenta p=\frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}}. Then, I will say that the quantum description of the same system is guided by setting...
  18. T

    Calculating Energy of Photon in N = 3 to N = 2 Transition

    Homework Statement What is the energy in electron volts of the photon emitted in the transition from level N = 3 to N = 2? Nf=3 Ni=1 Homework Equations \frac{-13.6}{N^{2}} -13.6(1/nf^2-1/ni^2) also try -13.6/(nf^2-ni^2) The Attempt at a Solution i did -13.6(1/3^2-1/2^2)=1.888 and...
  19. N

    Cant understand the mathematical transition

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUFZbGv6wdM&feature=relmfu in here in the end i got an arch that startes at A and end in B he wrote this integral \intop_{a}^{d}\frac{{dl}}{r^{2}} but point a and be are not values that i can put in if my function depends on "r" then i need to change...
  20. D

    How Can Physicists Transition to Actuarial Science?

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  21. V

    Transition A produces light with a wavelength of 400 nm

    I am having difficulty with this problem. I have solved all of the other ones and got them correct, but this one is stumpimg me. Transition A produces light with a wavelength of 400 nm. Transition B involves twice as much energy as A. What wavelenth light does it produce? Help please.
  22. A

    (n=3, l=2, j=5/2) -> (n=2, l=1, j=1/2) hydrogen transition?

    Hi, I have a doubt about the fine structure of the hydrogenic atoms. In the section 3.2 of the book Physics of Atoms and Molecules by Bransden & Joachain says: Since the electric dipole operator \mathbf{D} = -e\mathbf{r} does not depend on the spin, the selection rule derived in Chapter 4...
  23. B

    Transition states between matter

    Take water for instance. It has a little vapor in liquid state. Today our professor explained boiling points and freezing points, but didn't go to molecular level, he only said that it needs more energy to actually boil water, or freeze it. Can u explain why more energy is needed to add to water...
  24. E

    Transition of Mechanical Waves (Solids to Gases and vice versa)

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  25. T

    Why does poly(ethelyne glycol) have a higher Tg than polyethylene?

    Can anyone tell me why poly(ethelyne glycol) has a higher Tg than polyethylene?
  26. S

    Calculate the transition temperature of this alloy

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  27. W

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    I'm currently studying modern particle detectors, and was wondering whether someone on physicsforums could explain what transition radiation really is, and how exactly it is detected? My knowledge: - I've read that Cherenkov radiation is similar to transition radiation. - I understand how...
  28. T

    Upper Surface Transition at Negative Angles of Attack

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  29. O

    The Landau-Zener transition & spin-flipping in an external field

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  30. C

    Stochastic Process - Creating a Probability Transition Matrix

    Homework Statement The total population size is N = 5, of which some are diseased and the rest are healthy. During any single period of time, two people are selected at random from the population and assumed to interact. The selection is such that an encounter between any pair of individuals...
  31. C

    Probability Transition Matrix and Markov Chains

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  32. M

    State Transition Matrix Calculation Using MATLAB: 5x5 Matrix Solution

    Homework Statement I am trying to find the state transition matrix of a 5x5 matrix. Is there a way to use MATLAB in this problem ? Homework Equations \Phi = (T^-1) x e^(Dt) x T Where D is 5x5 matrix containing the eigenvalues in the main diagonal, rest of elements are zeros. T...
  33. A

    What determines a system to experience crossover or phase transition?

    More specifically, consider a Hamiltonian with a changeable parameter a. When changing a, the ground state of the system will change. In some cases, one phase crossovers to another, like in other cases, there's a phase transition. What factor determines the difference? Actually I am now working...
  34. O

    How long is an electron transition ?

    Hi, An electron transition generates a frequency emission u=E/h . In this case the electron moves from one energy to another. My question is how long this transition last for each atom ? If I was observing a single atom transition what would I measure ? A single burst at a frequency u=E/h...
  35. C

    Understanding Energy Transitions in Electromagnetic Radiation: UV vs Infrared

    This was a problem on my Thanksgiving break chemistry homework. Some assistance would be greatly appreciated. Why does electromagnetic radiation in the ulraviolet region represent a larger energy transition than does radiation in the infrared region?
  36. K

    Sampling from transition equation (state space model)

    Hi. Consider the following state space equation x_k = f(x_{k-1},v_k) where f(.) is a nonlinear function and v_k is a white Gaussian noise (independent of state). I want to generate samples according to p(x_k | x_{k-1} = x_{k-1}^i) for a particular x_{k-1}^i. I've seen people generate...
  37. R

    Fine structure of X-Ray transition

    What's the main reason behind the fine structure of X-Ray transition?
  38. J

    Which Electron Transitions in Singly-Ionized Helium Emit Blue Light?

    Which electron transitions in singly-ionized Helium (He+) yield photons in the blue (450-500 nm) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum? What are their wavelengths, and what transitions do they represent? Homework Equations hear is the equation I tried to use an equation creator but did not...
  39. U

    Calculate Transition in Hydrogen for 600nm Wavelength

    Homework Statement use the RYDBERG formula to suggest a possible transition that would result in the observed wavelength Homework Equations Hydrogen - yellow wavelength about 600nm The Attempt at a Solution I used c= lambda x frequency(V) and found (V) to equal 5e14/second I then...
  40. B

    Transition from AP Calc BC to Multivariable Calc

    Hello everyone, I'm new to this forums. Been lurking around for a while, but finally decided to join :) So anyways, I'm a current high school senior right now, taking Calc BC. I'm hoping to major in a math-related field (mathematics, physics, or electrical engineering) when I get to college...
  41. C

    |1s> -> |2p> transition probabilities

    Homework Statement A hydrogen atom is placed in a time-dependent homogeneous electric field given by \epsilon = \epsilon_0 (t^2 + \tau^2)^{-1} where \epsilon_0,\tau are constants. If the atom is in the ground state at t=-\inf, obtain the probability that it ill be found in a 2p state at...
  42. B

    Idea of Rolling, Rotation, and Transition

    I'm very confuse about the idea of applying Newton's law of forces and torques on rolling body. The book shows that you can separate the situation in rolling into pure transition and pure rotation. However, what I don't get is, for the calculation of Newton's 2nd law of forces on pure...
  43. M

    Phase transition of a rubber band model

    Homework Statement In class we studied a phase transition in a model of a rubber band. For small applied tensions, f < f^*, the Helmholtz free energy of the band as a function of the length is A_1(L) = (\kappa_1 /2)L^2, while at large applied tensions, f > f^*, it is A_2(L) = (\kappa_2 /2)L^2...
  44. Shackleford

    How Do Transition Wavelengths Compare Between Hydrogen and Helium?

    6. http://i111.photobucket.com/albums/n149/camarolt4z28/2010-09-23195548.jpg?t=1285299756 I'm thinking I use the omegaij formula to determine the frequency between energy levels and then use that to calculate the wavelength...
  45. R

    Estimating Redshift of Photon Gas in Universe Transition

    Homework Statement The problem is translated from a different language, so I hope I am not missing anything. I need to estimate the redshift of the photon gas in the universe, at the time of transition from radiation to matter domination. Cosmological parameters: k=0 (meaning a flat universe)...
  46. D

    Wing transition to turbulent flow

    To preface, I know about ~nothing about aerodynamics, but have been reading through wiki pages half the morning, but am still not quite sure how to answer a question. Basically my question is concerning the turbulent flow that happens behind an aircraft, maybe just focusing on the wing for now...
  47. M

    Transition metal oxidation states

    Hi Why does Ni only form NiO with oxidation state of +2 whereas the other transition metals form a wide range of oxides with variable oxidation states Thanks
  48. A

    Transition states of electron in atom

    as we know when a particular energy is given to a neutral atom an electron from ground state jump to upper state (absorbing the energy). and that excited electron after sometime by releasing energy jump again to its ground state. my confusion is that firstly does this transition of electron...
  49. I

    Absorption (without energy level transition).

    This thread is related to another question that I have been pondering. In most objects that we experience on a daily basis (a green shirt for example), we know that most of the frequencies of light striking the object are absorbed. I simply can't believe that the atoms in the shirt have...
  50. A

    Force or work for electronic transition?

    Hi all. This is my first post @ physics forum. For last two weeks I have been wondering about this problem: We all know that an atom or molecule subjected to a time-dependent perturbation makes electronic transition, and whether the transition is allowed or not depends on the transition moment...
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