Transition Definition and 544 Threads

A transition economy or transitional economy is an economy which is changing from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Transition economies undergo a set of structural transformations intended to develop market-based institutions. These include economic liberalization, where prices are set by market forces rather than by a central planning organization. In addition to this trade barriers are removed, there is a push to privatize state-owned enterprises and resources, state and collectively run enterprises are restructured as businesses, and a financial sector is created to facilitate macroeconomic stabilization and the movement of private capital. The process has been applied in China, the former Soviet Union and Eastern bloc countries of Europe and some Third world countries, and detailed work has been undertaken on its economic and social effects.
The transition process is usually characterized by the changing and creating of institutions, particularly private enterprises; changes in the role of the state, thereby, the creation of fundamentally different governmental institutions and the promotion of private-owned enterprises, markets and independent financial institutions. In essence, one transition mode is the functional restructuring of state institutions from being a provider of growth to an enabler, with the private sector its engine. Another transition mode is change the way that economy grows and practice mode. The relationships between these two transition modes are micro and macro, partial and whole. The truly transition economics should include both the micro transition and macro transition. Due to the different initial conditions during the emerging process of the transition from planned economics to market economics, countries uses different transition model. Countries like P.R.China and Vietnam adopted a gradual transition mode, however Russia and some other East-European countries, such as the former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, used a more aggressive and quicker paced model of transition.The term "transition period" is also used to describe the process of transition from capitalism to the first stage of socialism, preceding the establishment of fully developed socialism (aka communism).

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  1. amarante

    Calculating Transition Probability for Particle Mass "m

    I need some help how can I calculate a transition probability on this problem: A particle of mass "m" on a potential well (1), where it V(x) is infinite for x>L/2 and for x<L/2 . Inside the region V(x)=0 . I know how I get the eigenfunctions and the Energy. But, than the potential (2) well...
  2. W

    Transition Frequency of 2N2222A Transistor - Explained

    Hi! I saw this words "transition frequency" in the 2N2222A transistor data sheet.f=100MHz. What's this actually? I want to use this transistor 2N2222A to act as a switching application for turning on the motor by using microcontroller. So what should I consider when using this transistor...
  3. T

    Transition Matrix of Correlations

    Homework Statement Hi all, I've the following problem: I've a series of correlations matrices, suppose 15x15 matrix of correlations between waves heights. Giving an historical series of correlation values, how can I determine a model to establish that the next correlation matrix has a...
  4. E

    This problem is killing me [calculation of electron transition]

    this problem is killing me! [calculation of electron transition] i've been trying to solve this problem.. the answer should be 7.. my answer is 0.7 ! What is the value of n_i for an electron that emits a photon of wavelength 93.14 nm when it returns to the ground state in the H atom? my...
  5. D

    Normal Markov Transition Matrix: Converging to Steady-State Vector

    If a Markov transition matrix's columns add up to 1, the matrix is a normal Markov transition matrix. Since it is normal, the Markov process must converge to a steady-state vector. Is this correct?
  6. E

    Steady state transition matrix

    Ok, I'm lost. I've an exam coming up so could so with a speedy reply. This whole transition matrix stuff is not explained at all in our lecture notes. Here's an example question: "Suppose that a country has a fixed number of voters, all of whom vote for either party D or party R. Every...
  7. J

    First order phase transition (van der waals gas)

    I am looking at some of the notes but don't quite understand this. What are the physical explanation of the graphs (Fig 4(a) and 4(b)) on Page 4 ? http://www.pma.caltech.edu/~mcc/Ph127/b/Lecture3.pdf" Why V_{g} decreases with temperature but V_{l} increases with temperature?
  8. S

    Infared WAvelengths in transition through energy levels

    Homework Statement How many transitions involving the hydrogen energy levels shown correspond to photons of infrared light? The infrared range is less than 1.8 eV Homework Equations Paschen Lines = Infared wavelengths The Attempt at a Solution I thought that since Paschen lines =...
  9. J

    First order phase transition (van der waals gas)

    Homework Statement Give the physical explanation of the graphs (Fig 4(a) and 4(b)) on Page 4 http://www.pma.caltech.edu/~mcc/Ph127/b/Lecture3.pdf" Homework Equations 1) Why V_{g} decreases with temperature but V_{l} increases with temperature 2) Why must phase transition happen at...
  10. C

    OCHEM transition states and reaction rates

    Homework Statement Explain why 2-bromopropane reacts with NaI in acetone over 10^4 times faster than bromocyclopropane. (Hint: examine the transition state for each of the reactions) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I understand this is a sn2 type reaction and...
  11. V

    Triggering a Transition Between Quantum States

    Consider a particle in an infinite square well described initially by a wave that is superposition of the ground state and the first excited states of the well: Ψ(x,t = 0) = C[ψ1(x) +ψ 2 (x)] (a) show that the value C =1/ 2 normalizes this wave, assuming 1 ψ and 2 ψ are themselves normalized...
  12. S

    Making the Transition from Basic to Advanced Math

    Making the "Transition" Hello. I am currently a freshman in college, finishing up my second semester. I am looking at basically majoring in mathematics. (My actual major title will be Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, I am creating a major plan to better suit my needs.) Regardless...
  13. M

    Can we get the R-matrix procedure to calculate the free-free transition freely?

    I want to calculate the free-free transitions using the close-coupling method, and it is said that M. J. seaton etc. have already developed a good procedure (module STGFF) to calculate the free-free transition(Free-free transitions and spectral-line broadening, M. J. seaton 2000,Journal of...
  14. T

    MS to PhD: Navigating the Transition from BS/MS to Top-Tier Schools

    I am going to start my MS in physics next year as I finish my BS, because I am enrolled in my schools BS/MS program. I was wondering about getting into Phd programs after finishing my masters. Would I be pretty much relegated to staying at the school I already received my masters at? Would top...
  15. T

    How do hyperfine splits occur?

    Hi Anyone, This is my first post here and i have a bit of a quandry. I'm doing some work related to hyperfine transition levels in Rubidium. Ive been looking and asking but no-one can explain to me satisfactorly how hyperfine splits occur. Mostly i get answers like " you should find out...
  16. Q

    Positronium atom transition - energy of photon

    Homework Statement Positronium is an atom formed by an electron and a positron. It is similar to the hydrogen atom, with the positron replacing the proton. If a positronium atom makes a transition from the state n = 3 to a state with n = 1, the energy of the photon emitted in this...
  17. H

    Waveform produced by an atomic transition

    Greetings Physics Forums! This is my first post. A physical phenomena that I know for a long time is that when an atom (let's say hydrogen) has an electron that make a quantum jump from a higher energy state to a lower it emits a photon. Suppose the hydrogen atom is isolated from the external...
  18. F

    How Accurate Are Crude Estimates in Electric Dipole Transitions?

    Hey have another problem with one of my exercises Homework Statement Make a crude estimate for the mean life of an electric dipole transition in a atom E_\gamma = 10 eV in a nucleus E_\gamma = 1 MeV Homework Equations W_{\alpha \beta} &=& \frac{4}{3} \frac{e^2}{\hbar^4 c^3}...
  19. K

    Find Matrix of Linear Transformation T w/ Respect to Basis B

    I came across this problem in one of my linear algebra books. A linear transformation T:R^3 ->R^3 has matrix 2 3 0 -1 1 2 2 0 1 with respect to the standard basis for R^3. Find the matrix of T with respect to the basis B={(1,2,1),(0,1,-1),(2,3,2)} The answer given is...
  20. S

    Understanding Decoherence and Pure to Mixed Transitions

    Hi, I keep confusing myself between decoherence and the transition from pure to mixed, both of which, as far as I know, come about due to the interaction of a system with the environment. I like to think about things in terms of the density matrix to get it solid in my head. Can someone...
  21. N

    Problem in transition from phasor to normal

    oiler formula says cosx+isinx but here they multiply by minus the imaginary part of the phasor representation the coefficient of sine is minus the imaginary part why??
  22. N

    Oxygen & Hydrogen: Electron Transitions

    from where the I gets the 5 electrons oxygen and hidrogen stay the same?
  23. P

    Oxidation States of Transition Metals

    I have a question regarding the possible oxidation states of metals. I understand how to find the oxidation state of a metal in a compound, that's pretty straightforward. What I'm interested in is finding possible oxidation states given only the name of the metal. For example, Cu has possible...
  24. N

    Cant understand this transition

    http://i50.tinypic.com/2a6w9qg.jpg cant see how they put the only the denominator to be equal the new expression. ?
  25. P

    Closed/Open Transition Function Question

    I am very early into my first look at topology (specifically, I am jumping to topology on smooth manifolds through the Baez/Muniain book - Gauge Fields, Knots and Gravity) and I have a few questions. Suppose we have overlapping sets on a manifold A and B like this...
  26. MathematicalPhysicist

    E1 Transitions: Finding the Minimal Emission Direction in a Hydrogen Atom

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  27. R

    [markov chain] reading expected value from the transition matrix

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  28. logickills

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  29. N

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  30. C

    Principle Quantum Number - Transition

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  31. P

    Why does CO generally not bind to a metal that is not a transition metal?

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  32. P

    Electron count in transition metal complex

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  33. P

    How is the π portion of the M=C bond in transition metals formed?

    Homework Statement Transition metal species are known that contain multiple metal-carbon bonds, for example, M=CH2. Describe how the π portion of the M=C bond would be formed using a pure d orbital on M and in what plane the protons on the CH2 group would lie. (A d orbital is employed because...
  34. H

    Transition Matrix for a betting game

    Suppose that a casino introduces a game in which a player bets $1 and can either win $2 or lose it, both with equal chances. The game ends when the player runs out of money, or when he wins $4. (a) Build a transition matrix for the game, and show that it is not a regular transition matrix...
  35. H

    What is a Regular Transition Matrix

    I have to learn a section from my textbook and I can't seem to undertand what a regular transition matrix is. The definition given is: A transition matrix is regular if some integer power of it has all positive entries. Now an identity matrix isn't regular, but I am pretty sure all integer...
  36. C

    Determining ΔE and λ of an Electron Transition

    Homework Statement A hydrogen atom with its electron in the n = 6 energy level emits a photon of the infrared light. Calculate the change in energy of the atom and the wavelength of the photon. Using Rydberg's equation, the change in energy is 1.82 x 10^-19J But I do not understand why...
  37. N

    Exponential of (Markov Chain) Transition matrix

    Hi, I have a (markov chain) transition matrix X which I understand. In particular each row of this matrix sums to 1. I have used this transition matrix to construct it's generator, Y. I.e. Y is the continuously compounded transition matrix, X = exp(Y) X*X = exp(2Y), etc both X and Y...
  38. Z

    Are we effectively approaching a transition zone from 'Oligocene to Eocene' ?

    Pre-industrial era, co_2 has been considered as ~280 ppm. Current value is ~387 ppm. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas. Some projections are for co_2 to rise to ~540-970 ppm by 2100 (90 yrs away). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming. Upper range of 970 ppm would represent 2.5...
  39. S

    Is the Transition Map Smooth in the Intersecting Set?

    Smooth transition map (easy!?) Homework Statement Check the transition map http://img132.imageshack.us/img132/4341/18142532.png is smooth in the set for which their images intersect The Attempt at a Solution I have thought of two ways to show this. (1) Show that Φ is a composition...
  40. P

    Photon absorption and probability of atomic electron transition

    I have only taken one very intro quantum mechanics class and the furthest we got was solving the Schrodinger equation for the Coulumb potential of the hydrogen atom. So we solved for the allowed energy levels and the wavefunction for the hydrogen atom. We also learned how using the...
  41. A

    Electron Transition: Why Doesn't Excited Electron Absorb Extra Photon?

    please tell me that why is it that an excited electron don't absorbs an extra photon before coming to ground state.
  42. R

    Transition from QFT to Classical Physics using Path Integrals?

    I have a question in Srednicki's book regarding path integrals, but first I'll set it up so that no familiarity of the book is required to answer the question. The vacuum to vacuum transition amplitude for the photon field in the presence of a source is given by: <0|0>_J=\int \mathcal D A...
  43. W

    Electric dipole transition between hyperfine levels of the ground state

    microwave can be used to engineering potentials for alkali atoms i find that in the literature, people only take the magnetic dipole transition into account why the electric dipole transition is neglected? is it forbidden?
  44. K

    Optical transition rate for quantum wells

    So, let's say that you wanted to find the optical transition rate between subbands for electrons in a quantum well. To a good approximation, you can say that the wavefunctions are of the form \Psi = \psi(\vec r) u_c(\vec r) where u_c is the Bloch function and the lowercase psi is a...
  45. E

    How the diode will act in these situations in transition period

    http://i30.tinypic.com/2i2r9i.gif
  46. S

    Is 3s to 2s transition for Hygrogen forbidden?

    For hydrogen emission spectra from n = 3 to n = 2: My question is: In the following transition which is (are) possible or impossible and why? 3s --> 2s, 3s --> 2p 3p --> 2s, 3p --> 2p, 3d --> 2s, 3d --> 2p,
  47. M

    Properties of transition density functiions

    I hope some of you know something about transition density functions. I'm wondering if there are some nice properties I can use... Suppose p is a transition density function, defined as follows: p(t,f,a|T,F,A) dF dA := Prob(F<f<F+dF, A<a<A+dA | F(t)=f, A(t)=a). My question: what...
  48. E

    Tchebysheff proof, help understanding transition to last step

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  49. P

    Transition Probability | Bransden & Joachain | 4.38 & 4.39 Dimension

    At page 190 of Bransden & Joachain (see the page from http://books.google.com/books?id=i5IPWXDQlcIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=B.+H.+Bransden,+Charles+Jean+Joachain&hl=da#PPA190,M1"), there are 2 expressions for the transition probability, (4.38) and it's absolute value squared in (4.39). Is it...
  50. D

    Transition series influence in RMN spectra

    Metals of Transition series influence in proton RMN spectra First of all, Greetings to everyone My question is simple but a bit able to create confusion i can't explain myself right so I'm going to try... The question is how can the fact of a metal being of the transition serie os periodic...
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