Transition Definition and 544 Threads

Homework Statement http://icho2013.chem.msu.ru/materials/IChO-2013_Theoretical_Official_English_Version.pdf Looking at problem 1. Homework Equations The integrated form of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation: ln(\frac{P_{T2}}{P_{T1}}) = -\frac{\Delta H}{R} \cdot (\frac{1}{T_2} -...

Hi everyone! I would like to ask you some clarifications on an explicit example of local trivializations and transition functions of fibre bundles: namely on the [-1,1]\hookrightarrow E\rightarrow S^1 bundle (which I guess is the simplest possible example). Following Nakahara (chapter 9...

Homework Statement I want to find the transition matrix for the rational canonical form of the matrix A below. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Let ##A## be the 3x3 matrix ##\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 & 0 \\-1 & -3 & -2 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}## The...

Let's say I have a general phase transition S (phase 1) ::equil:: S (phase 2). At a certain point in pressure and temperature for each phase (they can have different pressures and temperatures, we might say P1 and T1 for phase 1 and P2 and T2 for phase 2), how might we express the forward and...

Say for a simple hydrogen atom, an electron absorbs just the right amount of energy such that it jumps up from energy levels n = 1 to n = 5. When it comes back down, is it possible to say, do n = 5 to n =3 to n = 2 to n =1, releasing 3 photons with their respective specific frequencies/energies...

I am interested in the main difference between transitions from electric fields from Conductive to Conductive/ Dielectric to Dielectric and Dielectric/Conductive media. What are the boundary conditions that an Electric field and a potential has to fulfill? I think I only know it for dielectric...

Homework Statement Consider the flow of air over an aerofoil. The critical Reynolds number marking the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is 6 x 10^5, the dynamic viscosity is 2.0 x 10^-5 Ns/m^2, the density of air is 1.100 kg/m^3 and the aircraft velocity is 180 m/s. What is the length...

Homework Statement Hello guys, I'm stuck on a problem I've met in an exam and that I will roughly copy out of memory. There was a substance that had a transition to liquid helium at ##T_0=3##K. Also, ##M=\frac{nDB}{T}## (Curie's law was satisfied). Specific heat at constant magnetization was...

Hi, I'm Teemu from Finland, and I'm just getting my master's degree in physics completed (only one course in electronics left). This is my first post in Physicsforums. I was thinking about a problem in statistical mechanics. As you all know, if we have a one- particle system where the...

Sorry for my abysmal level of ignorance, but I'm not understanding why quantum tunneling from nothing is considered a possible starting point for a multiverse, when the permanence of our pocket universe within the multiverse is also considered to be threatened by a phase transition if its vacuum...

Hello, I already have a bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering. I was wondering that suppose I want to obtain a bachelors degree in Physics, for a 4 year bachelors physics program how many years will be allowed to skip given that I already know to my fingertips electricity and magnetism...

1. -Find a regular transition matrix that is not time reversible, i.e., doesn't satisfy the balance equations? 2.Pi,j=0≠Pj,ifor some i and j My understanding from Markov Chain Monte Carlo is that for the transition matrix to be regular the matrix has to have all positives entries and each row...

I know how to calculate transition rates between nl resolved states in a hydrogen-like atom, but I don't know how to calculate transition rates between nljm states. I know that dipole transition rate is \frac{32}{3}\frac{\pi^3 \alpha c}{\lambda^3}\left<\psi_1|\mathbf{d}|\psi_2\right> The...

Hello everyone, I'm designing an experiment which utilizes a single agent in different phases (liquid, gas, and plasma). The apparatus needs to be able to ionize the gas into a plasma (with +/ - 1 or more electrons). I'm trying to keep energy consumption at a minimum, so current phase...

Hi guys, I'm having a little difficulty in converting a set of two bases into a transition matrix. My problem lies in the bases, because they are in polynomial form compared to your elementary coordinate form. How would I go about finding the transitional matrix for this example... Thanks in...

I'm finishing up my 2nd year of college at a local CC transferring to university in the Fall working on a BS in astrophysics and math minor. I've worked out my schedule so far for the next 3 years (taking an extra year due to some general ed's not transferring) and it looks like for all but my...

Fourier Transform on the "connected part" of QFT transition prob. Homework Statement Calculate ⟨0|T[ϕ(x₁)ϕ(x₂)ϕ(x₃)ϕ(x₄)]|0⟩ up to order λ from the generating functional Z[J] of λϕ⁴-theory. Using the connected part, derive the T-matrixelement for the reaction a(p₁) + a(p₂) → a(p₃) +...

Could intraband transition (in metals) of an electron in the conduction band produce a hole there?

Homework Statement A hydrogen‑like ion of calcium emits a photon with energy E = 756 eV. What transition was involved? Homework Equations The energy equation: E=Z^2*E_R*(1/n^2-1/n'^2) The Attempt at a Solution First, Z=20 for a calcium ion, and E_R is the Rydberg energy 13.6 eV...

Let B and C be ordered bases for ℝn. Let P be the matrix whose columns are the vectors in B and let Q be the matrix whose columns are the vectors in C. Prove that the transition matrix from B to C equals Q-1P. I am stuck. Here is what I have. I know that if B is the standard basis in ℝn...

Homework Statement Let B and C be ordered bases for ℝn. Let P be the matrix whose columns are the vectors in B and let Q be the matrix whose columns are the vectors in C. Prove that the transition matrix from B to C equals Q-1P. Homework Equations An ordered basis for a vector space V is...

If we're considering fluid flow over a plate and found that at one location the flow is turbulent. Is it always the case that there is also a transition and laminar region before that turbulent region on the plate?

i need to find the orbital transition frequency given by ω=ωa-ωb a and b represent orbital states a is higher energy state and b is lower energy state

Homework Statement Let B = {(1,1,1),(1,2,2),(2,3,4)} be an ordered basis of R3, and let B` be the standard basis of R3. Find the transition matrix from B to B` and use it to find the coordinates of (1,2,3)T with respect to B. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Is it...

As a material is heated, it increases in temperature until it enters a phase transition. During the transition, added heat does not increase the temperature. As this heat is being added, what is the substance? Is it a mixture of liquid and gas perhaps? If so, what are the proportions? In...

alright, so in bohr's model, an atom's electrons absorb energy and undergo electron transition. it jumps from a lower energy level (orbital) to a higher one. in time, the attraction between teh nucleus and the electron will pull the electron back to its original energy state (orbital). when...

Author: Douglas Smith, Maurice Eggen, Richard St. Andre Title: A Transition to Advanced Mathematics Amazon Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0495562025/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Level: Undergrad Table of Contents: Preface Preface to the Student Logic and Proofs Propositions and Connectives...

Hi! I try to figure out the probability (sure as function of parameter time) of transition particle in the hole from the first excitation state to the base state in an infinity potential hole. Because the eigenfuncion of particle there are orthogonal, the probability looks like zero -...

Hello, Homework Statement D:R3[x]->R3[x] is defined thus for any p(x)=(a0)+(a1)x+(a2)x2+(a3)x3: D(p(x)) = a1 + (2a2)x + (33)2 I am asked to find [D]B where B is the standard basis {1,x,x2,x3} I am then asked to find the transition matrix from B to C, where C={1,1+x,x+x2,x2+x3}. Based on these...

I am a bit confused about the page that I attached... I don't understand part (ii)... How can you compute X[T]X? So why is T(v_1)=v_2 and T(v_2)=av_1 + bv_2? Thanks in advance...

Hey, Here's the question Now I wanted to check if my thought process was correct and thus my formulation. Some sodium atom is initially excited, emits EM wave with stated λ and then de-excites to the ground state. However, this is Sodium so I think we approximate the energy levels...

I just watched a video of James Gates and he discussed something he called the Gross Perrywall phase transition. It was named after David Gross, I am assuming most of you are familiar with his work. In an attempt to search more about this I came up empty. I do not know if I am spelling it...

A hydrogen atom is in its ground state and is subject to an external electric field of E = ε(\hat{x}+\hat{y}+2\hat{z})e-t/\tau I'm confused as to how to compute the matrix elements of the perturbed hamiltonian since this is not in the z direction. Would I have to do something like this...

Homework Statement The problem is in the attachment, but I'll try and rewrite it... Suppose for a Markov Chain with two states, we get the following results. 1. If P0=[0 1] then P1=[.4 .6] 2. If P0=[4/11 7/11] then P0=P1=P2=...and so on. With this information, find the transition...

I cannot see why the probaability ampltiude for an initial state to turn into another state is the inner product between the "another state" and the propogator acting on the initial state, since this is just equivalent to the inner product between the "another state" and the evolved initial...

Hello, I ask for your help because I can't find any information about Earth crust-atmosphere phase transition. I noticed indeed that our feet tread upon a solid surface, while our nostrils breath a gazeous compound ! This remark seems so obvious that I can't find any description neither...

Hey, I'm having trouble understanding the trends of the oxidation states for the first row of the transition metals -my prof said that Cu is the only metal that forms a stable +1 oxidation state. But, I've done a question in hmwrk that had Cu+1 as unstable with respect to disproportionation how...

Given a simple atom like the Bohr atom (and possibly generalized to any other atom), I know that an electron can transition from one energy level to another, either by absorbing or releasing a photon of a precise hf. How much time does an electron take to make a transition from one energy level...

Hi, my question is regarding atomic radii of transition elements. When we move to the right of the periodic table (in the region of the transition elements) the atomic number increases, thus there is one more proton in the nucleus and on more electron in the atom. The nuclear charge increases...

Hey everyone, So I'm doing a bit of research on transition probabilities for a presentation, and it seems like, from checking different resources, that in the atomic nucleus the process of transition rates to describe the rate of emission/absorption between 2 energy levels is used...

Homework Statement I have 2 bases, a = {1, x, x^2} and b = {-2 - 2x + 3x^2 , 1 + 2x - x^2 , -1 - x + 2x^2} of P2. Find the transition matrix Pab. How is this done?? Homework Equations Since this is Linear Algebra, there aren't really any relevant "Equations" as such. More logic...

Homework Statement I have 2 bases, a = {1, x, x^2} and b = {-2 - 2x + 3x^2 , 1 + 2x - x^2 , -1 - x + 2x^2} of P2. Find the transition matrix Pab. How is this done??Homework Equations Since this is Linear Algebra, there aren't really any relevant "Equations" as such. More logic based...

lim as x-> 0 (2-cos3x-cos4x)/(x). I'm not sure how the numerator became (1-cos3x)(1-cos4x)/(x) What am I missing? Could someone please point it out? Is it a trignometric factoring formula I'm not thinking of?

Homework Statement The first vibrational band in the absorption spectrum of H2CO is at 28871 cm-1. The first two bands in the emission spectrum (from v'=0 level) lie at 27021 cm-1 and 24687 cm-1. Explain these observations. Determine the band origin of the electronic transition and the...

I'm rather stuck on this problem. I seem to be having issues with the simplest things on this when trying to get started. Homework Statement There is a particle with spin-1/2 and the Hamiltonian H_0 = \omega_0 S_z. The system is perturbed by: H_1 = \omega_1 S_x e^{\frac{-t}{\tau}}...

Homework Statement I'm trying to figure out what paths the electrons take when transitioning between stationary orbits. For example if there are 4 orbits: n1, n2, n3, n4; How do I know if the electron goes from n4 ---> n1 or n4--->n3 ---->n2 -----> n1 ? I was asked to calculate the...

As i studied Fermi golden rule. It involves transition probability of an initial state transiting to a final state in case of constant potential. As i understand the product of time of transition and the frequency of transition should be very much larger than one in order that the dirac delta...

When one calculate the real part of the index of refraction for a specific multilevel atom one would use the following formula: Re(n(\Delta))=1+\frac{N e^2}{8\pi \epsilon_0 m\omega} \sum_i \frac{\Delta_i}{\Delta_i^2+(\gamma/2)^2}K_i Where K_i is the C-G coefficient. My question is as...

I think I said before that the recent glacial era, the late Pleistocene is actually a string of riddles. One of them is the Mystery interval. As the ice core indications in Antarctica suggested a clear warming around 19-18,000 years ago, the ice cores in Greenland did not show anything. On the...

Hi All, I know that when an atom is heated up electrons are excited to higher energy levels and upon returning to their ground/original state they release photons, I was wondering if the same kind of thing happens during a nuclear transition and what sort of processes are going on in...